一、信号量
semaphore叫做“信号量”
1、创建信号量
dispatch_semaphore_create(long value); 给信号量初始一个值,当传递的值小于0,信号量将初始化失败返回NULL。
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore1 = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore2 = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore3 = dispatch_semaphore_create(10);
2、 发送信号量
dispatch_semaphore_signal(dispatch_semaphore_t deem); // 发送信号量后,信号量的值将加+1
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
3、 等待信号量
dispatch_semaphore_wait(dispatch_semaphore_t dsema, dispatch_time_t timeout); // 等待信号量,传入的信号量的值将-1。如果传入信号量的值等于0,函数将持续等待不返回
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
- 信号量的初始值,可以用来控制线程并发访问的最大数量
- 信号量的初时值为1,代表同时只允许1条线程访问资源,保证线程同步。
iOS线程同步方案性能比较
性能从高到低排序
os_unfair_lock // 缺点:iOS10才支持
OSSpinLock // 缺点:可能出现优先级反转 已经不再安全 苹果也不推荐使用
dispatch_semaphore // 推荐使用
pthread_mutex // 优点:跨平台 互斥锁(普通锁) 推荐使用
dispatch_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL) // c
NSLock // oc
NSCondition // oc
pthread_mutex(recursive) // 递归锁
NSRecursiveLock // oc
NSConditionLock // oc
@synchronized // 递归锁 oc
- 从上可以知道线程同步除了os_unfair_lock 和
OSSpinLock之外,dispatch_semaphore的性能是很好的极力推荐使用。
如以上假如创建了A、B 、C、D四个子线程,假如A线程先执行了34行代码后,此时信号量的值-1也就是1,并往下继续执行。随后B线程也执行了34行代码后,此时信号量的值-1,也就是0。C线程、D线程都执行14行代码时,此时信号量的值已经是0了,C线程和D线程就会进入休眠等待中,此时就卡住34行代码处。假如第11秒时,线程A、B执行完了第38行代码后,信号量+1,+1此时信号量就是2了,这样C线程、D线程会被唤醒继续执行。这样信号量的初始值,可以用来控制线程并发访问的最大数量。同理当我们设置信号量的初时值为1时,就可以实现线程同步。
二、实用案例
2.1、控制线程并发数
//定义一个信号量,初始化为10
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(10);
//同时执行100个任务
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
//当前信号量-1
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
NSLog(@"任务%d执行",i+1);
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:kUrlString]];
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//TODO:刷新界面
});
//当前信号量+1
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
});
}
2.2 线程安全
通过信号量可以用来控制线程并发访问的最大数量,当我们设置信号量的初时值为1时,就可以实现线程同步。
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
self.array = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {
NSThread *thread = [[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil];
[thread start];
}
}
- (void)test{
NSLog(@"测试开始");
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
sleep(3);
[self.array addObject:@"0"];
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
NSLog(@"测试");
}
self.array直接在多个线程上进行做修改操作是不安全的,我可以通过信息量同步加锁保证其线程安全
2.3、多个网络请求同步
- 1、首先通过网络请求一获取用户useid,之后用userid为参数发起网络请求二。
#pragma mark - 网络请求一
- (void)getuserId:(dispatch_semaphore_t)semaphore{
AFHTTPSessionManager *sessionmanger=[[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc]init];
sessionmanger.responseSerializer=[AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
[sessionmanger POST:@"https://www.baidu.com/" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:nil progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"请求成功1%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
useid=@"1234";
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"%@",error);
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
}];
}
#pragma mark - 网络请求二
- (void)requestwithuserid:(NSString *)userid{
NSDictionary *parms=[NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[parms setValue:userid forKey:@"userid"];
AFHTTPSessionManager *sessionmanger=[[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc]init];
sessionmanger.responseSerializer=[AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
[sessionmanger POST:@"https://www.baidu.com/" parameters:userid constructingBodyWithBlock:nil progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"请求成功2");
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"%@",error);
}];
}
#pragma mark - 使用信号量实现
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore= dispatch_semaphore_create(0); // 创建信号量
[self getuserId:semaphore];//获取用户useid
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore,DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);//当前信号量为0,一直等待阻塞线程
[self requestwithuserid:useid];
}
command+R运行一下,没有任何反应。
原因分析:线程卡住了。代码执行到dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore,DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)因为信号量为0,当前线程会被阻塞。而当前线程是主线程,网络请求一成功后回调到主线程,因为主线程被阻塞 造成信号量无法释放,一直卡住。
解决方案就是开启一个异步的线程
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//创建一个并行队列
dispatch_queue_t queque = dispatch_queue_create("GoyakodCreated", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_async(queque, ^{
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore= dispatch_semaphore_create(0); // 创建信号量
[self getuserId:semaphore];
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore,DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
[self requestwithuserid:useid];
});
}
- 2、多个网络请求后刷新UI
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
// 创建信号量
semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
// 创建全局并行
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[self request1];
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[self request2];
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
//在这里 进行请求后的方法,回到主线程
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"更新UI");
});
});
NSLog(@"12344");
}
- (void)request1{
AFHTTPSessionManager *manger=[[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc]init];
manger.responseSerializer=[AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
[manger POST:@"https://www.baidu.com" parameters:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"请求成功1");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
}];
}
- (void)request2{
AFHTTPSessionManager *manger=[[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc]init];
manger.responseSerializer=[AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
[manger POST:@"https://www.baidu.com" parameters:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"请求成功2");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
}];
}
或者这样
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
// 创建全局并行
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[self request1];
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[self request2];
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
//在这里 进行请求后的方法,回到主线程
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"更新UI");
});
});
NSLog(@"12344");
}
- (void)request1{
// 创建信号量
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
AFHTTPSessionManager *manger=[[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc]init];
manger.responseSerializer=[AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
[manger POST:@"https://www.baidu.com" parameters:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"请求成功1");
NSLog(@"%ld", dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore));
;
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
NSLog(@"%@",semaphore);
}];
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
}
- (void)request2{
// 创建信号量
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
AFHTTPSessionManager *manger=[[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc]init];
manger.responseSerializer=[AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
[manger POST:@"https://www.baidu.com" parameters:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"请求成功2");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
}];
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
}
@end
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