Address - 地址
In the Filecoin network, an address is a unique cryptographic value that serves to publicly identify a user. This value, a public key, is paired with a corresponding private key. The mathematical relationship between the two keys is such that access to the private key allows the creation of a signature that can be verified with the public key. Filecoin specifically employs the Boneh–Lynn–Shacham (BLS) signature scheme for this purpose.
在 Filecoin 网络中, 地址是用于公开标识用户(ID)的唯一加密值. 这个值, 一个公钥, 与相应的私钥配对. 两个密钥之间的数学关系是这样的：对私钥的访问允许创建可以用公钥验证的签名. Filecoin 专门使用 Boneh–Lynn–Shacham (BLS) 为此目的的签名方案。
Block - 块
In a blockchain, a block is the fundamental unit of record. Each block is cryptographically linked to one or more previous blocks. Blocks typically contain messages relating changes to some state (for example, financial records) tracked by the blockchain。
在一个区块链中, 一个块是记录的基本单位. 每个块都以加密方式链接到一个或多个以前的块. 区块通常包含与区块链跟踪的某些状态（例如，财务记录）相关的变更的消息。
Blockchain - 区块链
Fundamentally, a blockchain is a system of record in which new records, or blocks are cryptographically linked to preceding records. This construction is a foundational component of secure, verifiable, and distributed transaction ledgers.
从根本上讲, 一个区块是一种记录系统，其中包含新的记录, 或块以加密方式链接到前面的记录. 此结构是安全的基础组件, 可验证的, 以及分布式交易账本
Block height - 块高度
The height of a block corresponds to the number of epochs elapsed before the block was added to the blockchain. The height of the Filecoin blockchain is defined to be the maximum height of any block in the blockchain.
块的高度对应于块被添加到区块链之前经过的纪元数。Filecoin区块链的高度被定义为区块链中任何块的最大高度.
Capacity commitment - 容量承诺
If a storage miner doesn't find any available deal proposals appealing, they can alternatively make a capacity commitment, filling a sector with arbitrary data, rather than with client data. Maintaining this sector allows the storage miner to provably demonstrate that they are reserving space on behalf of the network.
如果存储矿商发现任何有吸引力的交易方案，他们也可以做出容量承诺，用任意数据(而不是客户数据)填充一个扇区。维护这个扇区允许存储矿工证明他们正在代表网络保留空间。
Collateral - 质押
In order to enter into a storage deal, a storage miner is required to provide FIL as collateral, to be paid out as compensation to a client in the event that the miner fails to uphold their storage commitment.
为了达成存储交易，存储矿工必须提供FIL作为抵押品，如果存储矿商未能履行其存储承诺，则需要向客户支付补偿。
Deal - 交易
Two participants in the Filecoin network can enter into a deal in which one party contracts the services of the other. The Filecoin specification currently details storage deals (in which one party agrees to store data for the other for a specified length of time) and retrieval deals (in which one party agrees to transmit specified data to the other).
Filecoin网络中的两个参与者可以达成一项交易，其中一方与另一方签订服务合同。 Filecoin规范当前详细说明了存储交易（其中一方同意在指定的时间长度内存储另一方的数据）和检索交易（其中一方同意将另一方的数据传输给另一方）。
Election - 选举
Every epoch, a small subset of Filecoin storage miner are elected to mine a new block for the Filecoin blockchain. A miner's probability of being elected is roughly proportional to the share of the Filecoin network's total storage capacity that they contribute.
在每个纪元，都会选出一小部分Filecoin存储矿工来为Filecoin区块链挖掘一个新区块。当选的矿工的概率大约是他们贡献在Filecoin网络的总存储容量中的份额的占比。
Epoch - 纪元
Time in the Filecoin blockchain is discretized into epochs that are currently thirty seconds in length. Every epoch, a subset of storage miners are elected to each add a new block to the Filecoin blockchain via Winning Proof-of-Spacetime.
Filecoin区块链中的时间被离散为长度一般是30秒的epoch。每个纪元，都会选出一个存储矿工子集，通过 Winning Proof-of-Spacetime来向Filecoin区块链添加一个新块。
FIL
FIL is the name of the Filecoin unit of currency; it is alternatively denoted by the Unicode symbol for an integral with a double stroke (⨎)
FIL是Filecoin货币单位的名称，也可以记作(⨎)
Faucet - 水龙头
A faucet is a service that provides free FIL. Typically, faucets are run for the benefit of new users in a network, providing them with the necessary seed capital to begin making transactions.
水龙头是一项提供免费FIL的服务。 通常，水龙头是为网络中新用户的利益而运行的，为他们提供必要的种子资金以开始进行交易
Fault - 故障
When a storage miner fails to complete Window Proof-of-Spacetime for a given sector, the Filecoin network registers a fault for that sector, and the miner is slashed. If a storage miner does not resolve the fault quickly, the network assumes they have abandoned their commitment.
当存储矿工无法完成给定扇区的窗口时空证明时，Filecoin网络会为该扇区注册一个故障，并且该矿工被削减算力。 如果存储矿工无法快速解决故障，则网络会认为他们已放弃承诺。
Filecoin
The term Filecoin is used generically to refer to the Filecoin project, protocol, and network
Filecoin一词通常用于指代Filecoin项目，协议和网络
Gas
Gas is a property of a message, corresponding to the resources involved in including that message in a given block. For each message included in a block, the block's creator extracts a fee from the message's sender; this fee is proportional to the message's gas.
Gas是消息的属性，与在给定块中包含该消息所涉及的资源相对应。 对于块中包含的每条消息，块的创建者都会从消息的发件人处提取费用； 该费用与消息的Gas比例成比例
Mainnet - 主网
A portmanteau of "main" and "network, mainnet is a term used to refer to the predominant public-facing network of the Filecoin project and community. The mainnet embodies an expectation of widespread adoption and permanence; changes to its protocol are subject to the adoption of the network participants.
If used as a proper noun, capitalize the term: "I am mining on Mainnet."
“主要(main)”和“网络(networker)”的混合单词，Mainnet是一个术语，用于指代Filecoin项目和社区的主要面向公众的网络。Mainnet体现了对广泛采用和永久性的期望，网络参与者可以自行决定是否采用该网络。
如果用作专有名词，请大写该词：“我在Mainnet上进行挖掘”。
Message - 消息
The term message is used to refer to data stored as part of a block. A block can contain several messages.
术语消息被用于指代块的一部分存储数据。 一个块可以包含多个消息。
Miner - 矿工
The Filecoin project uses the term miner to refer to participants in the network who provide a service of value to a client. At present, the Filecoin specification recognizes two miner types: storage miner and retrieval miners.
Filecoin项目使用“矿工”一词来指代网络中向客户提供有价值的服务的参与者。 目前，Filecoin规范可识别两种矿工类型：存储矿工和检索矿工。
Pledged storage - 保证存储
Storage capacity that a miner has promised to reserve for the Filecoin network via Proof-of-Replication is termed pledged storage.
矿工已承诺并且通过复制证明的为Filecoin网络保留的存储容量称为保证存储。
Proof-of-Storage - 储存证明
Many blockchain networks are underpinned by the notion that participants supply something of value to the blockchain - a contribution that is hard to fake, but which, if actually made, can be trivially verified. Blockchains based in this approach are often said to require "Proof-of-X", where X is the valued contribution. The Filecoin blockchain values contributions of storage capacity; it is predicated upon a novel Proof-of-Storage construction, distinguishing it from other blockchains that, as is most often the case, require a contribution of computing power.
许多区块链网络都以参与者为区块链提供有价值的东西这一观念为基础-这种贡献很难伪造，但如果确实发生了，则可以进行简单的验证。 通常认为基于这种方法的区块链需要“ X证明”，其中X是有价值的贡献。 Filecoin区块链重视存储容量的贡献； 它以新颖的存储证明结构为基础，将其与其他区块链区分开来，而其他区块链在大多数情况下需要贡献计算能力。
As a term, Proof-of-Storage refers to the design elements of the Filecoin protocol that allow one to guarantee (to some very high tolerance) that participants that claim to be contributing a given amount of storage are indeed fulfilling that pledge. In fact, Filecoin's Proof-of-Storage construction provides for a much stronger claim, allowing one to efficiently verify that a participant is storing a particular piece of data, without requiring that one have a copy of the file itself.
术语存储证明是指Filecoin协议的设计元素，它允许人们保证（具有很高的容忍度）声称提供一定容量存储空间的参与者确实兑现了这一承诺。 实际上，Filecoin的存储证明结构提供了更为强大的要求，使人们可以有效地验证参与者正在存储特定的数据，而无需一个人自己拥有文件的副本。
Note: "proof" here is used in an informal sense - typically, these proofs take the form of a probabilistic argument, rather than a concrete proof; that is, it might technically be possible to convince other participants that one is making a contribution one is not, but the possibility is so vanishingly slight as to border on impossibility.
注意：这里的“证明”通常是非正式的使用，这些证明采取随机的形式，而不是具体的证明； 也就是说，从技术上说服其他参与者相信一个人没有做出贡献是可能的，但是这种可能性微乎其微，以至于几乎不可能。
Proof-of-Replication (PoRep) - 复制证明
Proof-of-Replication is a procedure by which a storage miner can prove to the Filecoin network that they have created a unique copy of some piece of data on the network's behalf.
复制证明是一个过程，存储矿工可以通过该过程向Filecoin网络证明他们已代表网络创建了某些数据的唯一副本。
Proof-of-Spacetime (PoSt) - 时空证明
Proof-of-Spacetime is a procedure by which a storage-miner can prove to the Filecoin network they continue to store a unique copy of some data on behalf of the network. Proof-of-Spacetime manifests in two distinct varieties in the present Filecoin specification: Window Proof-of-Spacetime and Winning Proof-of-Spacetime
时空证明是一个过程，存储矿工可以通过该过程向Filecoin网络证明他们继续代表网络存储某些数据的唯一副本。 时空证明在当前Filecoin规范中表现为两个不同的变体：窗口时空证明和中奖时空证明。
Quality-adjusted storage power - 质量调节存储算力
The storage power a storage miner earns from a storage deal offered by a verified client will be augmented by a multiplier. Power totals that take into account this multiplier are termed quality adjusted.
存储矿工从经过验证的客户提供的存储交易中获得的存储能力将成倍增加。 考虑到该乘数的算力称为质量调整的。
Retrieval miner - 检索矿工
A retrieval miner is a Filecoin participant that enters retrieval deals with clients, agreeing to supply a client with a particular file in exchange for FIL. Note that unlike storage miner, retrieval miners are not additionally rewarded with the ability to add blocks to the Filecoin blockchain; their only reward is the fee they extract from the client
检索矿工是Filecoin参与者，它与客户进行检索交易，并同意向客户提供特定文件，以换取FIL。 请注意，与存储矿工不同，检索矿工没有向Filecoin区块链添加块获得额外奖励的能力。 他们唯一的报酬是他们从客户那里提取的费用。
Seal - 密封
Sealing is one of the fundamental building blocks of the Filecoin protocol. It is a computation-intensive process performed over a sector that results in a unique representation of the sector. The properties of this new representation are essential to the Proof-of-Replication and the Proof-of-Spacetime procedures
密封是Filecoin协议的基本构建块之一。 这是在一个扇区上执行的计算密集型过程，它的结果将作为该扇区的唯一表示。 这种新表示形式的属性对于复制证明和时空证明程序至关重要。
Sector - 扇区
Storage miners store data on behalf of the Filecoin network in fixed-size blocks of data called sectors.
存储矿工代表Filecoin网络将数据存储在称为扇区的固定大小的数据块中。
Slash - 削减算力
When a fault is registered for a sector, the Filecoin network will slash the storage miner that is supposed to be storing the sector; that is, it will assess penalties to the miner (to be paid out of the collateral fronted by the miner) for their failure to uphold their pledge of storage. When slashing takes place, the power a miner earns for the associated sector is subtracted from the miner's total power for the purposes of election.
当为某个扇区注册了故障时，Filecoin网络将削减本应存储该扇区的存储矿工的算力。 也就是说，它将评估对矿工的惩罚（将由矿工所面临的抵押支付），因为他们没有遵守其储存保证。 进行削减算力时，矿工通过选举得到的关于这一部分算力的盈利将被减去。
Storage miner - 存储矿工
A storage miner is a Filecoin participant that stores data on behalf of the network. Storage miners are rewarded for this service through payments by clients that contract their services, as well as by periodic authorization to extend the Filecoin blockchain with blocks of their own creation. When they create a block, storage miners are rewarded with newly minted FIL, as well as the transaction fees they can levy on other participants seeking to include messages in the block
存储矿工是Filecoin参与者，代表网络存储数据。 通过签约服务的客户付款以及定期授权以自己创建的区块扩展Filecoin区块链的奖励可以作为存储矿工提供此项服务的报酬。 当他们创建一个区块时，会向矿工提供新创建的FIL奖励，以及他们可以向试图在区块中包含消息的其他参与者征收的交易费。
Storage power - 存储算力
A storage miner's storage power is a value roughly proportional to the amount of storage capacity they make available on behalf of the network via capacity commitments or storage deals. Storage power is used to select storage miners for rewards in proportion to their contributions to the total network storage capacity
存储矿工的存储算力值大致与他们通过容量承诺或存储交易成正比。 存储能力用于选择存储矿工，以根据其对网络总存储容量的贡献来进行奖励。
Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zk-SNARK) - 零知识简明的非交互式知识论证
An argument of knowledge is a construction by which one party, called the prover, can convince another, the verifier, that the prover has access to some piece of information. There are several possible constraints on such constructions:
知识论证是一种结构，通过这种结构，称为证明方的一方可以说服另一方（验证方）证明方可以访问某些信息。 这种构造有几种可能的限制：
A non-interactive argument of knowledge has the requirement that just a single message, sent from the prover to the verifier, should serve as a sufficient argument.
非交互性知识论证要求从证明者发送给验证者的单个消息应作为充分论据。
A zero-knowledge argument of knowledge has the requirement that the verifier should not need access to the knowledge the prover has access to in order to verify the prover's claim.
知识的零知识论证要求验证者不必为了证明证明者的主张而需要访问证明者可以访问的知识。
A succinct argument of knowledge is one that can be "quickly" verified, and which is "small", for appropriate definitions of both of those terms.
对于这两个术语的适当定义，知识的简洁论证可以“小”而“迅速”验证。
A zero-knowledge, succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zk-SNARK) embodies all of these properties. Filecoin utilizes these constructions to enable its distributed network to efficiently verify that storage miners are storing files they pledged to store, without requiring the verifiers to maintain copies of these files themselves.
零知识，简洁的非交互式知识论证（zk-SNARK）体现了所有这些属性。 Filecoin利用这些构造来使其分布式网络能够有效地验证存储矿工是否正在存储他们承诺存储的文件，而无需验证者自己维护这些文件的副本
Testnet - 测试网
A portmanteau of "test" and "network, testnet is a term used to refer to one of the primary Filecoin testing networks (opens new window).
Note: if used as a proper noun, capitalize the term. For example, "I am mining on Testnet."
“测试”和“网络”的混合单词，用于指代主要的Filecoin主要的测试网络之一。
注意：如果用作专有名词，请将该词大写。 例如，“我正在Testnet上进行挖掘”。
Tipset - 消息集
A tipset (opens new window)is a set of blocks that each have the same height and parent tipset; the Filecoin blockchain is a chain of tipsets, rather than a chain of blocks.
消息集是一组具有相同高度和父消息集的块。 Filecoin区块链是一系列消息集，而不是一系列区块。
Each tipset is assigned a weight corresponding to the amount of storage the network is provided per the commitments encoded in the tipset's blocks. The consensus protocol of the network directs nodes to build on top of the heaviest chain.
每个消息集的权重对应于按照消息集的块中编码的承诺提供的网络存储量的占比。 网络的共识协议指导节点建立在最重的链之上。
By basing its blockchain on tipsets, Filecoin can allow multiple storage miners to create blocks in the same epoch, increasing network throughput. By construction, this also provides network security: a node that attempts to intentionally prevent the valid blocks of a second node from making it onto the canonical chain runs up against the consensus preference for heavier chains
通过将区块链基于消息集，Filecoin可以允许多个存储矿工在同一时期创建区块，从而提高网络吞吐量。 通过这种构造，这还提供了网络安全性：试图故意阻止第二个节点的有效块进入规范链的节点违反了对较重链的共识偏好
Verified client - 已验证客户端
To further incentivize the storage of "useful" data over simple capacity commitments, storage miners have the additional opportunity to compete for special deals offered by verified clients. Such clients are certified with respect to their intent to offer deals involving the storage of meaningful data, and the power a storage miner earns for these deals is augmented by a multiplier
为了通过简单的容量承诺进一步激励“有用”数据的存储，存储矿工有额外的机会竞争经过验证的客户提供的特殊交易。 此类客户在提供涉及存储有意义的数据的交易意图方面获得了认证，并且成倍增强了存储矿工为这些交易赚取的算力
Window Proof-of-Spacetime (WindowPoSt) - 窗口时空证明
Window Proof-of-Spacetime (WindowPoSt) is the mechanism by which the commitments made by storage miners are audited. It sees each 24-hour period broken down into a series of windows. Correspondingly, each storage miner's set of pledged sectors is partitioned into subsets, one subset for each window. Within a given window, each storage miner must submit a Proof-of-Spacetime for each sector in their respective subset. This requires ready access to each of the challenged sectors, and will result in a zk-SNARK-compressed proof published to the Filecoin blockchain as a messages in a blocks. In this way, every sector of pledged storage is audited at least once in any 24-hour period, and a permanent, verifiable, and public record attesting to each storage miner's continued commitment is kept.
窗口时空证明（WindowPoSt）是一种机制，可用来审核存储矿工的承诺。 它把每个24小时周期分解为一系列窗口。 相应地，每个存储矿工的保证扇区集被划分为子集，每个窗口一个子集。 在给定的窗口内，每个存储矿工必须为各自子集中的每个扇区提交时空证明。 这要求可以立即访问每个面临挑战的扇区，并且将zk-SNARK压缩的证明的结果作为块中的消息发布到Filecoin区块链。 通过这种方式，在每个24小时内至少对一次保证存储的每个扇区进行一次审核，并保存一个永久的、可验证的公共记录，以证明每个存储矿工的持续承诺。
The Filecoin network expects constant availability of stored data. Failing to submit WindowPoSt for a sector will result in a fault, and the storage miner supplying the sector will be slashed.
Filecoin网络期望存储数据的持续可用性。 未能为某个扇区提交WindowPoSt将导致故障，并且将削减提供该扇区的存储矿工的算力
Winning Proof-of-Spacetime (WinningPoSt) - 中奖时空证明
Winning Proof-of-Spacetime (WinningPoSt) is the mechanism by which storage miners are rewarded for their contributions to the Filecoin network. At the beginning of each epoch, a small number of storage miners are elected to each mine a new block. As a requirement for doing so, each miner is tasked with submitting a compressed Proof-of-Storage for a specified sectors. Each elected miner who successfully creates a block is granted FIL, as well as the opportunity to charge other Filecoin participants fees to include messages in the block.
中奖时空证明（WinningPoSt）是一种机制，通过这种机制，存储矿工可以为他们对Filecoin网络的贡献而获得奖励。 在每个纪元的开始，都会选举少量的存储矿工来为每个矿开采一个新的区块。 为此，每个矿工的任务是为指定扇区提交压缩的存储证明。每个当选矿工谁成功地创建了一个块就会获得被授予FIL，以及收取其他Filecoin参与者消息上链的费用的机会。
Storage miners who fail to do this in the necessary window will forfeit their opportunity to mine a block, but will not otherwise incur penalties for their failure to do so.
未能在必要的窗口中执行此操作的存储矿工将丧失其开采区块的机会，但不会因此而受到惩罚。
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