一 数组
数组是一堆有序的由相同类型元素构成的集合类型
定义
let stuArray : Array<String> = ["zhangsan","18"]
获取长度
array.count
判空
array.isEmpty
取值
array[1]
array[0...2]
array[0..<2]
array[..2]
array[2..]
array.first
array.last
array.prefix(2)
array.suffix(2)
添加数据
array.append("zhouliu")
插入数据
array.insert("haojian",at:0)
修改数据
array[0] = "wangqi"
删除数据
remove 会改变原数组的值，返回被删除的那个元素
drop 不会改变原数组的值，返回删除元素后的新数组
array.remove(at:0)
array.removeFirst()
array.removeLast()
array.removeAll
array.dropFirst()
array.dropLast()
是否包含
array.contains("zhangsan")
倒序
array.reverse
索引
var students = ["zhangsan","Lisi","Wangwu","zhangsan"]
students.firstIndex(of :"zhangsan")
students.lastIndex(of :"zhangsan")
合并
var array = ["zhangsan" , "lisi","wangwu"]
var array1 = ["zhaoliu","wangqi"]
var array2 = array + array1
遍历
var array = ["zhangsan" , "lisi" , "wangwu"]
for i in 0..< array.count
print(array[i])
}
for item in array {
print(item)
}
for item in array[0..<2]
{
print(item)
}
for (index,name) in array.enumerated() {
print(index)
print(name)
}
var array = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"]
var i = array.makeIterator()
i.next()
i.next()
i.next()
二 集合
与数组的概念差不多，主要区别：
元素无序
元素不能重复
let stuSet:Set<String> = ["zhangsan","18"]
数组转集合
let stuArray = ["zhangsan","18"]
let stuSet = Set(stuArray)
定义空集合
let set: Set<String> = Set()
let set: Set<String> = []
获取长度
set.count
判空
set.isEmpty
取值
set.first
Set(set.prefix(2))
Set(set.suffix(2))
插入数据
set.insert("man")
三 字典
字典是由键值对 key:value 对组合的集合类型
字典中的元素之间是无序的
var dict1: Dictionary<String,String> = ["name":"zhangsan","age":"18"]
var dict1: [String : String] = [:]
获取长度
dict.count
判空
dict.isEmpty
查询数据
dict["name"]
修改数据
dict["name"] = "lisi"
删除数据
dict.removeValue(forKey : "height")
合并
var dict1:[String:String] = ["name":"zhangsan","age":"20"]
var dict2:[String:String] = ["height":"1.8","phoneNum":"188888"]
for (key,value) in dict2 {
dict1[key] = value
}
print dict1
遍历
var dict:[String:String] = ["name" : "zhangsan","age":"18"]
for value in dict.values{
print (value)
}
var dict :[String:String] = ["name":"zhangsan","age":"18"]
for key in dict.keys{
print(key)
}
var dict: [String:String] = ["name":"zhangsan","age":"18"]
for (key,value) in dict{
print("(key) - (value)")
}
枚举方式遍历
var dict :[String:String] = ["name":"zhangsan","age":"18"]
for (index,value) in dict.enumerated() {
print("(index) - (value)")
}
迭代器
var dict:[String : String] = ["name":"zhangsan","age":"18"]
var d = dict.makeIterator()
a.next()
a.next()?.value
四 函数
函数是由一组语句构成的代码块，用于完成某个特定的功能呢。
定义与调用
访问修饰符 func 函数名（形式参数列表） -> 返回值类型 {
代码块
return 返回值
}
标签与名称
每个函数的形式参数 都包含 形式参数标签 和形式参数名称
可变参数
for total(numbers: Int...) -> Int{
var sum = 0
for i in numbers{
sum += i
}
return sum
}
total ()
total (numbers : 10)
输入输出参数
func swapInt(a:inout Int ,b: inout Int){
let temp = a
a = b
b = temp
}
var a = 10
var b = 20
SwapInt (a:&a , b:&b)
五 闭包
定义像函数，单没有名字
调用类似函数，也需要传参数
通过查看类型会发现就是前面讲的函数类型
闭包是一种特殊的没有名字的函数
let squareClosure = { (param : Int) -> Int in
return param*param
}
squareClosure(3)
{ (parameters) -> return type in
statements
}
1 来顺序调用闭包的参数
省略 -> 返回类型
省略 参数类型和括号
省略 一条执行语句时 ，return 关键字省略
参数名称缩写 改为 1
捕获
var vehicle = "car"
var animal = "Cat"
let closure = { [vehicle] in
print ("Viehichle is (vechicle)")
print ("Animale is (animal)")
}
vehicle = "Airplane"
animale = "Dog"
closure ()
捕获列表中的 vehicle 是 car 是拷贝类型
animal 是引用类型 ，是 Dog
尾随闭包
闭包是函数的最后一个参数
逃逸闭包
闭包在函数执行完之后再调用
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