实现要求:
- token必须独一无二,放在数据库索引列中
- token未被使用的情况下必须长期有效,所以token要有足够的安全性抵御暴力破解(cryptographically secure)
- token必须能放在url中
- token的长度相对固定
设计思路:
- token的唯一性用生成的uuid来保证
https://golangnote.com/topic/177.html
示例代码:
package main
import (
"crypto/rand"
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
// 生成32位的时间戳
unix32bits := uint32(time.Now().UTC().Unix())
buff := make([]byte, 12)
numRead, err := rand.Read(buff)
if numRead != len(buff) || err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%x-%x-%x-%x-%x-%x", unix32bits, buff[0:2], buff[2:4], buff[4:6], buff[6:8], buff[8:])
}
- 能否生成密码安全(cryptographically secure)的token需要系统的支持,如果系统不支持,直接panic让整个程序退出运行(硬伤,不然你还有别的办法不成?)
https://gist.github.com/dopey/c69559607800d2f2f90b1b1ed4e550fb
示例代码:
package main
import (
"crypto/rand"
"encoding/base64"
"fmt"
"io"
)
// Adapted from https://elithrar.github.io/article/generating-secure-random-numbers-crypto-rand/
func init() {
assertAvailablePRNG()
}
func assertAvailablePRNG() {
// 判断系统支不支持生成密码安全的(cryptographically secure)伪随机数
buf := make([]byte, 1)
_, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, buf)
if err != nil {
//go所运行的系统不支持上述要求
panic(fmt.Sprintf("crypto/rand is unavailable: Read() failed with %#v", err))
}
}
func GenerateRandomBytes(n int) ([]byte, error) {
b := make([]byte, n)
_, err := rand.Read(b)
// Note that err == nil only if we read len(b) bytes.
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return b, nil
}
// GenerateRandomString returns a securely generated random string.
// It will return an error if the system's secure random
// number generator fails to function correctly, in which
// case the caller should not continue.
func GenerateRandomString(n int) (string, error) {
const letters = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-"
bytes, err := GenerateRandomBytes(n)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
for i, b := range bytes {
bytes[i] = letters[b%byte(len(letters))]
}
return string(bytes), nil
}
func GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(n int) (string, error) {
b, err := GenerateRandomBytes(n)
return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), err
}
func main() {
// 示例: 生成base64编码的44字节的token, 如果不能白为什么32字节进去,出来变成44字节建议先wiki一下base64
token, err := GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(32)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(token)
// 示例: 生成32位的token
token, err = GenerateRandomString(32)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(token)
}
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