官方地址
For the common case, when the replication factor is three, HDFS’s placement policy is to put one replica on one node in the local rack, another on a different node in the local rack, and the last on a different node in a different rack.
大致意思:
对于常见的情况,当复制因子为3时,HDFS的放置策略是将一个副本放在本地机架的一个节点上,另一个放在本地机架的不同节点上,最后一个放在不同机架的不同节点上。

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