接着上一节讲到，router对象最重要的属性是history属性。最常见的History有两种模式。

• hash
• history

两种都大同小异，我们来看history模式的类——History

History

export class History {
  router: Router;  // router引用
  base: string;  // 基础路径
  current: Route;  // 当前路由对象
  pending: ?Route;  
  cb: (r: Route) => void;  // 存放订阅方法
  ready: boolean;
  readyCbs: Array<Function>;
  readyErrorCbs: Array<Function>;
  errorCbs: Array<Function>;

  // 抽象方法 子类必须实现
  +go: (n: number) => void;
  +push: (loc: RawLocation) => void;
  +replace: (loc: RawLocation) => void;
  +ensureURL: (push?: boolean) => void;
  +getCurrentLocation: () => string;

  constructor (router: Router, base: ?string) {
    this.router = router
    this.base = normalizeBase(base)
    // start with a route object that stands for "nowhere"
    this.current = START
    this.pending = null
    this.ready = false
    this.readyCbs = []
    this.readyErrorCbs = []
    this.errorCbs = []
  }
  // History发布的订阅处理接口
  listen (cb: Function) {
    this.cb = cb
  }

  onReady (cb: Function, errorCb: ?Function) {
    if (this.ready) {
      cb()
    } else {
      this.readyCbs.push(cb)
      if (errorCb) {
        this.readyErrorCbs.push(errorCb)
      }
    }
  }

  onError (errorCb: Function) {
    this.errorCbs.push(errorCb)
  }
  // 当路由改变时 会触发该方法
  transitionTo (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    const route = this.router.match(location, this.current)
    this.confirmTransition(route, () => {
      this.updateRoute(route)
      onComplete && onComplete(route)
      this.ensureURL()

      // fire ready cbs once
      if (!this.ready) {
        this.ready = true
        this.readyCbs.forEach(cb => { cb(route) })
      }
    }, err => {
      if (onAbort) {
        onAbort(err)
      }
      if (err && !this.ready) {
        this.ready = true
        this.readyErrorCbs.forEach(cb => { cb(err) })
      }
    })
  }

  confirmTransition (route: Route, onComplete: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    const current = this.current
    const abort = err => {
      if (isError(err)) {
        if (this.errorCbs.length) {
          this.errorCbs.forEach(cb => { cb(err) })
        } else {
          warn(false, 'uncaught error during route navigation:')
          console.error(err)
        }
      }
      onAbort && onAbort(err)
    }
    if (
      isSameRoute(route, current) &&
      // in the case the route map has been dynamically appended to
      route.matched.length === current.matched.length
    ) {
      this.ensureURL()
      return abort()
    }

    const {
      updated,
      deactivated,
      activated
    } = resolveQueue(this.current.matched, route.matched)

    const queue: Array<?NavigationGuard> = [].concat(
      // in-component leave guards
      extractLeaveGuards(deactivated),
      // global before hooks
      this.router.beforeHooks,
      // in-component update hooks
      extractUpdateHooks(updated),
      // in-config enter guards
      activated.map(m => m.beforeEnter),
      // async components
      resolveAsyncComponents(activated)
    )

    this.pending = route
    const iterator = (hook: NavigationGuard, next) => {
      if (this.pending !== route) {
        return abort()
      }
      try {
        hook(route, current, (to: any) => {
          if (to === false || isError(to)) {
            // next(false) -> abort navigation, ensure current URL
            this.ensureURL(true)
            abort(to)
          } else if (
            typeof to === 'string' ||
            (typeof to === 'object' && (
              typeof to.path === 'string' ||
              typeof to.name === 'string'
            ))
          ) {
            // next('/') or next({ path: '/' }) -> redirect
            abort()
            if (typeof to === 'object' && to.replace) {
              this.replace(to)
            } else {
              this.push(to)
            }
          } else {
            // confirm transition and pass on the value
            next(to)
          }
        })
      } catch (e) {
        abort(e)
      }
    }

    runQueue(queue, iterator, () => {
      const postEnterCbs = []
      const isValid = () => this.current === route
      // wait until async components are resolved before
      // extracting in-component enter guards
      const enterGuards = extractEnterGuards(activated, postEnterCbs, isValid)
      const queue = enterGuards.concat(this.router.resolveHooks)
      runQueue(queue, iterator, () => {
        if (this.pending !== route) {
          return abort()
        }
        this.pending = null
        onComplete(route)
        if (this.router.app) {
          this.router.app.$nextTick(() => {
            postEnterCbs.forEach(cb => { cb() })
          })
        }
      })
    })
  }
  // 触发订阅方法，改变_route.current，从而更新视图
  updateRoute (route: Route) {
    const prev = this.current
    this.current = route
    this.cb && this.cb(route)
    this.router.afterHooks.forEach(hook => {
      hook && hook(route, prev)
    })
  }
}

function normalizeBase (base: ?string): string {
  if (!base) {
    if (inBrowser) {
      // respect <base> tag
      const baseEl = document.querySelector('base')
      base = (baseEl && baseEl.getAttribute('href')) || '/'
      // strip full URL origin
      base = base.replace(/^https?:\/\/[^\/]+/, '')
    } else {
      base = '/'
    }
  }
  // make sure there's the starting slash
  if (base.charAt(0) !== '/') {
    base = '/' + base
  }
  // remove trailing slash
  return base.replace(/\/$/, '')
}

function resolveQueue (
  current: Array<RouteRecord>,
  next: Array<RouteRecord>
): {
  updated: Array<RouteRecord>,
  activated: Array<RouteRecord>,
  deactivated: Array<RouteRecord>
} {
  let i
  const max = Math.max(current.length, next.length)
  for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
    if (current[i] !== next[i]) {
      break
    }
  }
  return {
    updated: next.slice(0, i),
    activated: next.slice(i),
    deactivated: current.slice(i)
  }
}

function extractGuards (
  records: Array<RouteRecord>,
  name: string,
  bind: Function,
  reverse?: boolean
): Array<?Function> {
  const guards = flatMapComponents(records, (def, instance, match, key) => {
    const guard = extractGuard(def, name)
    if (guard) {
      return Array.isArray(guard)
        ? guard.map(guard => bind(guard, instance, match, key))
        : bind(guard, instance, match, key)
    }
  })
  return flatten(reverse ? guards.reverse() : guards)
}

function extractGuard (
  def: Object | Function,
  key: string
): NavigationGuard | Array<NavigationGuard> {
  if (typeof def !== 'function') {
    // extend now so that global mixins are applied.
    def = _Vue.extend(def)
  }
  return def.options[key]
}

function extractLeaveGuards (deactivated: Array<RouteRecord>): Array<?Function> {
  return extractGuards(deactivated, 'beforeRouteLeave', bindGuard, true)
}

function extractUpdateHooks (updated: Array<RouteRecord>): Array<?Function> {
  return extractGuards(updated, 'beforeRouteUpdate', bindGuard)
}

function bindGuard (guard: NavigationGuard, instance: ?_Vue): ?NavigationGuard {
  if (instance) {
    return function boundRouteGuard () {
      return guard.apply(instance, arguments)
    }
  }
}

function extractEnterGuards (
  activated: Array<RouteRecord>,
  cbs: Array<Function>,
  isValid: () => boolean
): Array<?Function> {
  return extractGuards(activated, 'beforeRouteEnter', (guard, _, match, key) => {
    return bindEnterGuard(guard, match, key, cbs, isValid)
  })
}

function bindEnterGuard (
  guard: NavigationGuard,
  match: RouteRecord,
  key: string,
  cbs: Array<Function>,
  isValid: () => boolean
): NavigationGuard {
  return function routeEnterGuard (to, from, next) {
    return guard(to, from, cb => {
      next(cb)
      if (typeof cb === 'function') {
        cbs.push(() => {
          // #750
          // if a router-view is wrapped with an out-in transition,
          // the instance may not have been registered at this time.
          // we will need to poll for registration until current route
          // is no longer valid.
          poll(cb, match.instances, key, isValid)
        })
      }
    })
  }
}

function poll (
  cb: any, // somehow flow cannot infer this is a function
  instances: Object,
  key: string,
  isValid: () => boolean
) {
  if (instances[key]) {
    cb(instances[key])
  } else if (isValid()) {
    setTimeout(() => {
      poll(cb, instances, key, isValid)
    }, 16)
  }
}

HTML5History

描述 : 如果不想要很丑的 hash，我们可以用路由的 history 模式，这种模式充分利用 history.pushState API 来完成 URL 跳转而无须重新加载页面。

export class HTML5History extends History {
  constructor(router: Router, base: ?string) {
    // 继承router 对象 
    // base : 基础路径
    super(router, base);   
    // 额外滚动事件
    const expectScroll = router.options.scrollBehavior;
    // 是否支持history的api 并且有滚动事件
    const supportsScroll = supportsPushState && expectScroll;
    // 如果满足上述条件
    if (supportsScroll) {
      // 记录滚动位置
      setupScroll();
    }
    // 获取location对象
    const initLocation = getLocation(this.base);
    // 监听popstate方法
    window.addEventListener("popstate", e => {
      // 获取current对象
      const current = this.current;

      // Avoiding first `popstate` event dispatched in some browsers but first
      // history route not updated since async guard at the same time.
      // 不理解这种情况
      const location = getLocation(this.base);
      if (this.current === START && location === initLocation) {
        return;
      }
      // 更改路由视图
      this.transitionTo(location, route => {
        if (supportsScroll) {
          handleScroll(router, route, current, true);
        }
      });
    });
  }

  go(n: number) {
    window.history.go(n);
  }

  push(location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    const { current: fromRoute } = this;
    // 这里需要手动调用push 方法 为什么不直接调用pushState方法?
    this.transitionTo(
      location,
      route => {
        pushState(cleanPath(this.base + route.fullPath));
        handleScroll(this.router, route, fromRoute, false);
        onComplete && onComplete(route);
      },
      onAbort
    );
  }

  replace(location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    const { current: fromRoute } = this;
    this.transitionTo(
      location,
      route => {
        replaceState(cleanPath(this.base + route.fullPath));
        handleScroll(this.router, route, fromRoute, false);
        onComplete && onComplete(route);
      },
      onAbort
    );
  }

  ensureURL(push?: boolean) {
    if (getLocation(this.base) !== this.current.fullPath) {
      const current = cleanPath(this.base + this.current.fullPath);
      push ? pushState(current) : replaceState(current);
    }
  }

  getCurrentLocation(): string {
    return getLocation(this.base);
  }
}

export function getLocation(base: string): string {
  let path = window.location.pathname;
  if (base && path.indexOf(base) === 0) {
    path = path.slice(base.length);
  }
  return (path || "/") + window.location.search + window.location.hash;
}