做IOS也一段时间,总觉得缺了一点必备技能。不能熟练的使用各种动画来使UI更有动感。所以近期特意下载了一份电子版的[iOS animations by Tutorials],虽说是英文版的,两天也看了一大章了。总结一下,以备平常时多查看。
UIView的动画各种参数
UIView动画可以设置的动画属性有:
1、大小变化(frame)
2、拉伸变化(bounds)
3、中心位置(center)
4、旋转(transform)
5、透明度(alpha)
6、背景颜色(backgroundColor)
7、拉伸内容(contentStretch)
UIViewAnimationOptions的枚举值如下,可组合使用:
UIViewAnimationOptionLayoutSubviews //进行动画时布局子控件
UIViewAnimationOptionAllowUserInteraction //进行动画时允许用户交互
UIViewAnimationOptionBeginFromCurrentState //从当前状态开始动画
UIViewAnimationOptionRepeat //无限重复执行动画
UIViewAnimationOptionAutoreverse //执行动画回路
UIViewAnimationOptionOverrideInheritedDuration //忽略嵌套动画的执行时间设置
UIViewAnimationOptionOverrideInheritedCurve //忽略嵌套动画的曲线设置
UIViewAnimationOptionAllowAnimatedContent //转场:进行动画时重绘视图
UIViewAnimationOptionShowHideTransitionViews //转场:移除(添加和移除图层的)动画效果
UIViewAnimationOptionOverrideInheritedOptions //不继承父动画设置
UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseInOut //时间曲线,慢进慢出(默认值)
UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseIn //时间曲线,慢进
UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut //时间曲线,慢出
UIViewAnimationOptionCurveLinear //时间曲线,匀速
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionNone //转场,不使用动画
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromLeft //转场,从左向右旋转翻页
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromRight //转场,从右向左旋转翻页
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionCurlUp //转场,下往上卷曲翻页
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionCurlDown //转场,从上往下卷曲翻页
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionCrossDissolve //转场,交叉消失和出现
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromTop //转场,从上向下旋转翻页
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromBottom //转场,从下向上旋转翻页
UIViewKeyframeAnimationOptions的枚举值如下,可组合使用:
UIViewAnimationOptionLayoutSubviews //进行动画时布局子控件
UIViewAnimationOptionAllowUserInteraction //进行动画时允许用户交互
UIViewAnimationOptionBeginFromCurrentState //从当前状态开始动画
UIViewAnimationOptionRepeat //无限重复执行动画
UIViewAnimationOptionAutoreverse //执行动画回路
UIViewAnimationOptionOverrideInheritedDuration //忽略嵌套动画的执行时间设置
UIViewAnimationOptionOverrideInheritedOptions //不继承父动画设置
UIViewKeyframeAnimationOptionCalculationModeLinear //运算模式 :连续
UIViewKeyframeAnimationOptionCalculationModeDiscrete //运算模式 :离散
UIViewKeyframeAnimationOptionCalculationModePaced //运算模式 :均匀执行
UIViewKeyframeAnimationOptionCalculationModeCubic //运算模式 :平滑
UIViewKeyframeAnimationOptionCalculationModeCubicPaced //运算模式 :平滑均匀
简单动画
1 .
UIView.animate(withDuration: 1.0) {
//设置heading的中心点到view的中心
self.heading.center.x += self.view.bounds.width
}
这个动画是最简单的,只有一个参数,设置动画时间。
2 .
UIView.animate(withDuration: 1.0, animations: {
}, completion: { _ in
})
3 .
UIView.animate(withDuration: 1.0, delay: 1.0, options: [], animations: {
}, completion: { _ in
})
duration 动画时长
deley 延迟
option 是UIViewAnimationOptions,可以多选,动画样式
completion完成动画后的操作
spring 弹簧动画
//usingSpringWithDamping参数来设置一个阻尼的动画,从0.0-1.0, 参数值越小, 弹性值越大
//initialSpringVelocity控制动画的初始速度。代表弹簧动能的大小,快慢
UIView.animate(withDuration: 1.0, delay: 1.0, usingSpringWithDamping: 1.0, initialSpringVelocity: 1.0, options: [], animations: {
}, completion: { _ in
})
Transitions 过渡动画
此动画主要用于添加和删除一个 view的动画
1 .
UIView.transition(with: animationContainerView, duration: TimeInterval, options: UIViewAnimationOptions, animations: {
//添加view
self.animationContainerView.addSubview(newView)
//删除view
self.newView.removeFromSuperview()
//Hide view 隐藏view
self.newView.isHidden = true
//添加图片
imageView.image = toImage
}, completion: { _ in
})
2 . 两个同级的view之间的替换
UIView.transition(from: UIView, to: UIView, duration: TimeInterval, options: UIViewAnimationOptions, completion: {
})
帧动画
1 .
主要支持多个,顺序的动画,
UIView.animateKeyframes(withDuration: 1.0, delay: 1.0, options: [], animations: {
//add keyframes
UIView.addKeyframe(withRelativeStartTime: 0.0, relativeDuration: 0.25,
animations: {
self.planeImage.center.x += 80.0
self.planeImage.center.y -= 10.0
}
)
UIView.addKeyframe(withRelativeStartTime: 0.1, relativeDuration: 0.4) {
self.planeImage.transform = CGAffineTransform(rotationAngle: -.pi / 8)
}
UIView.addKeyframe(withRelativeStartTime: 0.25, relativeDuration: 0.25) {
self.planeImage.center.x += 100.0
self.planeImage.center.y -= 50.0
self.planeImage.alpha = 0.0
}
UIView.addKeyframe(withRelativeStartTime: 0.51, relativeDuration: 0.01) {
self.planeImage.transform = .identity
self.planeImage.center = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: originalCenter.y)
}
UIView.addKeyframe(withRelativeStartTime: 0.55, relativeDuration: 0.45) {
self.planeImage.alpha = 1.0
self.planeImage.center = originalCenter
}
}, completion: { _ in
})
其中withRelativeStartTime 和 relativeDuration都是百分比,在总时间的百分比间隔中执行的动画
平常用到的动画
- label等控件的transform对象集合,需要使用CGAffineTransform对象定义
label.transform = CGAffineTransform()
//尺寸变化
public /*not inherited*/ init(translationX tx: CGFloat, y ty: CGFloat)
//比例变化
public /*not inherited*/ init(scaleX sx: CGFloat, y sy: CGFloat)
//旋转变化
public /*not inherited*/ init(rotationAngle angle: CGFloat)
label.transform = .identity //每次变换前都要置位,不然你变换用的坐标系统不是屏幕坐标系统(即绝对坐标系统),而是上一次变换后的坐标系统
1、CGAffineTransformIsIdentity //检测一个Transformation是不是恒等变换,也就是说不变
bool CGAffineTransformIsIdentity ( CGAffineTransform t);//其结果返回一个BOOL值
2、CGAffineTransformEqualToTransform //检测两个Transformation是否相等。
bool CGAffineTransformEqualToTransform (CGAffineTransform t1,CGAffineTransform t2);
- cubeTransition 类似于3D盒子的动画
func cubeTransition(label: UILabel, text: String, direction: AnimationDirection) {
let auxLabel = UILabel(frame: label.frame)
auxLabel.text = text
auxLabel.font = label.font
auxLabel.textAlignment = label.textAlignment
auxLabel.textColor = label.textColor
auxLabel.backgroundColor = label.backgroundColor
let auxLabelOffset = CGFloat(direction.rawValue) *
label.frame.size.height/2.0
auxLabel.transform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 1.0, y: 0.1).concatenating(
CGAffineTransform(translationX: 0.0, y: auxLabelOffset))
label.superview!.addSubview(auxLabel)
UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.5, delay: 0.0, options: .curveEaseOut,
animations: {
auxLabel.transform = .identity
label.transform =
CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 1.0, y: 0.1).concatenating(
CGAffineTransform(translationX: 0.0, y: -auxLabelOffset))
},
completion: {_ in
label.text = auxLabel.text
label.transform = .identity
auxLabel.removeFromSuperview()
}
)
}
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