美文网首页
JS网络请求跨域问题汇总(携带饼干)

JS网络请求跨域问题汇总(携带饼干)

作者: 南滨月亮 | 来源:发表于2017-06-28 15:30 被阅读0次

    前端程序使用ExtJS的写,在本地测试,发送请求到服务器时,发现存在跨域的问题,饼干也没有一套成功,于是乎在这里整理一下解决过程

    由于篇幅较长,不想看解决过程的可以翻译到最后看

    总结1.跨域允许

    2.客户端无法携带跨域cookie

    3.因为加了与证件报文头,可能是客户端不知道服务器允许不允许报的错

    4.由于客户端不知道服务端是否允许
    POST请求而报的错

    假设我的服务器IP是120.111.111.123

    本地的html

    index.html

    <html><head> <meta charset="utf8"></head><body> <input type="button" onclick="request()" value="请求"></body><script type="text/javascript" src="./ext-all.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> function request(){ Ext.Ajax.request({ url: 'http://120.111.111.123/setcookie.php', method: 'POST', params: { 'text': 'hello world' }, success: function(transport){ // do something }, failure: function(transport){ alert("Error: " - transport.responseText); } }); }</script></html>

    服务器的php文件#path setcookie.php

    <?php
    session_start();
    ?>

    点击“请求”按钮,发送请求后发现JS报错

    XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://120.111.111.123/setcookie.php.
    Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.
    Origin 'null' is therefore not allowed access.

    报这个错就说明我们跨域了,不在允许的访问源,于是乎我在服务的setcookie.php加入

    header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*');
    网求允许所有源

    <?phpsession_start();header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*'); // 功能...// ...

    然后又报错

    XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://120.111.111.123/setcookie.php. Request header field X-Requested-With is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Headers in preflight response.

    这次的报错是因为,在跨域的时候,ExtJS的不会直接发帖子请求,而是先发送一个选项请求,看看服务器允许什么访问头(比如是不是允许后请求),验证成功后才会发送真正的请求

    用谷歌的开发者工具抓的option报文OPTIONS /setcookie.php HTTP/1.1Host: 120.111.111.123Connection: keep-alivePragma: no-cacheCache-Control: no-cacheAccess-Control-Request-Method: POSTOrigin: nullUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36Access-Control-Request-Headers: x-requested-withAccept: /Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdchAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

    接下来,我们只要发送我们允许什么请求头就行了

    path /setcookie.php

    session_start();header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*');

    header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:OPTIONS, GET, POST'); // 允许option,get,post请求header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with'); // 允许x-requested-with请求头header('Access-Control-Max-Age:86400'); // 允许访问的有效期

    // 功能...// ...

    继续测试我们的新功能,成功的解决了跨域问题

    1.png

    但是,饼干没有“设置成功”。而之所以没有“设置成功”,是因为cookie的存在本地,但是每个饼干都有一个域名,当你本地的饼干中存在你当前访问的域时,才会被带过去,而我的index.html的文件是本地访问的,即

    [HTTP://localhost/index.html,而饼干的域是120.111.111.123的,所以不行了于是乎继续改

    ](http://localhost/index.html%EF%BC%8C%E8%80%8Ccookie%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%9F%E6%98%AF120.111.111.123%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E6%89%80%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8D%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%86%E3%80%82%E4%BA%8E%E6%98%AF%E4%B9%8E%E7%BB%A7%E7%BB%AD%E6%94%B9)

    path index.html

    <html>
    <head>
    <meta charset="utf8">
    </head>
    <body>
    <input type="button" onclick="request()" value="请求">
    </body>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="./ext-all.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript"> function request(){
    Ext.Ajax.request({
    url: 'http://120.111.111.123/setcookie.php',
    method: 'POST',
    params: {
    'text': 'hello world'
    },
    withCredentials: true, # 加了这个
    success: function(transport){
    // do something
    },
    failure: function(transport){
    alert("Error: " - transport.responseText);
    }
    });
    }

    </script>
    </html>

    继续访问,报错

    XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://120.111.111.123/setcookie.php.
    Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: A wildcard '*' cannot be used in the 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header when the credentials flag is true.
    Origin 'null' is therefore not allowed access.
    The credentials mode of an XMLHttpRequest is controlled by the withCredentials attribute.

    现在这个错误产生的原因就是

    1,因为加入了withCredentials之后,访问控制允许来源就不能用“*”了,既然不允许访问这个源,那我就让你发个报文头让你允许
    访问呗!

    <?php#path setcookie.phpsession_start();// 是否存在请求源if(isset($_SERVER["HTTP_ORIGIN"])) { header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:'.$_SERVER["HTTP_ORIGIN"]); }header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:OPTIONS, GET, POST');header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with');header('Access-Control-Max-Age:86400');// 功能...// ...?>

    好了,上传完代码,继续测试。发送请求之后,又报错了(这错中错,一个个坑搞的大家都看得不耐烦了吧,我保证,这是最后一个报错了)

    XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://120.111.111.123/setcookie.php.
    Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: Credentials flag is 'true', but the 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' header is ''. It must be 'true' to allow credentials. Origin 'null' is therefore not allowed access.

    大概的意思就是说我给你发了withCredentials报文头,但是你服务器没有跟我说允许我带这个报文头,那么解决方法就是加上允许发这个报文头的报文头

    path setcookie.php<?phpsession_start();// 是否存在请求源if(isset($_SERVER["HTTP_ORIGIN"])) { header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:'.$_SERVER["HTTP_ORIGIN"]); }header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:null'); header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:OPTIONS, GET, POST');header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with');header('Access-Control-Max-Age:86400');header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials:true');// 功能...// ...?>

    接下来进行最终的测试,BIU〜成功了,终于成功了!!!(0.0自己嗨起来了)

    2.png

    接下来总结一下,之所以跨域会引起那么多问题,都是因为耿直的客户端,发什么类型的请求都要服务器允许,而且要明文允许,允许的内容包括如下

    1.网求允许跨域

    解决方法:服务器发送允许客户端发送源的报文头

    标头( '访问控制允许来源:'。$ _ SERVER [ “HTTP_ORIGIN”]);

    4.png

    2.客户端无法携带跨域cookie的

    这个时候就可以在ExtJS的中加入withCredentials

    Ext.Ajax.request({ url: 'http://120.111.111.123/setcookie.php', method: 'POST', params: { 'text': 'hello world'
    },
    withCredentials: true, success: function(transport){ // do something
    },
    failure: function(transport){
    alert("Error: " - transport.responseText);
    }
    });

    3.因为加了withCredentials报文头,可是客户端不知道服务器允不允许报的错
    (耿直的客户端)

    这个时候就在服务器发送接入控制允许证书

    header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials:true');

    4.由于客户端不知道服务端是否允许
    POST而请求作者:的错

    这个时候要在服务器端的加入

    header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:OPTIONS, GET, POST');header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with');header('Access-Control-Max-Age:86400');

    以上汇总起来就是

    header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:OPTIONS, GET, POST');header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with');header('Access-Control-Max-Age:86400'); header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:'.$_SERVER['HTTP_ORIGIN']);header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials:true');header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS');header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with,content-type');header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:Origin, No-Cache, X-Requested-With, If-Modified-Since, Pragma, Last-Modified, Cache-Control, Expires, Content-Type, X-E4M-With');

    代码已经放到

    [github上

    ](https://github.com/HBLong/extjsCorsDemo)了,有啥问题欢迎大家指出

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:JS网络请求跨域问题汇总(携带饼干)

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/nnducxtx.html