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[iOS] KVO Briefing

[iOS] KVO Briefing

作者: 木小易Ying | 来源:发表于2019-12-17 23:14 被阅读0次

    KVO 即 Key-Value Observing,翻译成键值观察。它是一种观察者模式的衍生。其基本思想是,对目标对象的某属性添加观察,当该属性发生变化时,通过触发观察者对象实现的KVO接口方法,来自动的通知观察者。

    KVO和NSNotificationCenter都是iOS中观察者模式的一种实现。区别在于,相对于被观察者和观察者之间的关系,KVO是一对一的,而不一对多的。KVO对被监听对象无侵入性,不需要修改其内部代码即可实现监听。

    使用KVO分为三个步骤:

    • 通过addObserver:forKeyPath:options:context:方法注册观察者,观察者可以接收keyPath属性的变化事件。

    • 在观察者中实现observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:方法,当keyPath属性发生改变后,KVO会回调这个方法来通知观察者。

    • 当观察者不需要监听时,可以调用removeObserver:forKeyPath:方法将KVO移除。需要注意的是,调用removeObserver需要在观察者消失之前,否则会导致Crash。


    1. addObserver参数

    ※ options

    addObserver:forKeyPath:options:context:这个方法有个option,这个option有哪些呢?

    NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew // 回调的时候提供新值
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld // 回调的时候提供旧值
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial // 在注册观察服务时会调用一次触发方法,如果也选了new则change中会有新key,但即使加了old也不会有旧key
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior // 分别在值修改前后触发方法(即一次修改有两次触发),改之前触发的是绝对不会有新key的
    

    具体属性的定义非常建议直接读苹果注释,然后也可以参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/3bdc82e0ed4e

    观察者的回调observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:传入的change参数里面会有NSKeyValueChangeNewKey/NSKeyValueChangeOldKey,这个就是根据option选了New还是Old还是都要决定的。

    首先是下面所有尝试的base model类:

    // .h文件
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    @interface KVOTest : NSObject
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString * name;
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    
    // .m文件
    #import "KVOTest.h"
    
    @interface KVOTest() {
        NSString * name;
    }
    
    @end
    
    @implementation KVOTest
    
    - (void)setLastName:(NSString *)name {
        self->name = name;
        NSLog(@"name: %@", name);
    }
    
    @end
    

    我们来尝试一下看看各种option的区别吧:

    // 使用:
    KVOTest *test1 = [[KVOTest alloc] init];
    [test1 addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
    test1.name = @"yy";
    
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context {
        NSLog(@"change:%@", change);
        NSLog(@"context:%@", context);
    }
    

    首先是New的输出:

    2019-12-11 08:14:21.247913+0800 Example1[68172:908391] change:{
        kind = 1;
        new = yy;
    }
    2019-12-11 08:14:21.248039+0800 Example1[68172:908391] context:(null)
    

    然后Old是:

    2019-12-11 08:14:51.049799+0800 Example1[68192:909085] change:{
        kind = 1;
        old = "<null>";
    }
    2019-12-11 08:14:51.050430+0800 Example1[68192:909085] context:(null)
    

    然后initial是:

    2019-12-11 08:15:23.586375+0800 Example1[68297:910116] change:{
        kind = 1;
    }
    2019-12-11 08:15:23.586489+0800 Example1[68297:910116] context:(null)
    2019-12-11 08:15:23.586789+0800 Example1[68297:910116] change:{
        kind = 1;
    }
    2019-12-11 08:15:23.586872+0800 Example1[68297:910116] context:(null)
    
    // 注释掉test1.name=@"yy"的输出:
    2019-12-11 08:16:20.799515+0800 Example1[68328:911116] change:{
        kind = 1;
    }
    2019-12-11 08:16:20.799639+0800 Example1[68328:911116] context:(null)
    

    可以看到只要addObserver,initial类型就会有一次通知。

    下面是prior啦:

    2019-12-11 08:18:42.052983+0800 Example1[68372:913075] change:{
        kind = 1;
        notificationIsPrior = 1;
    }
    2019-12-11 08:18:42.053112+0800 Example1[68372:913075] context:(null)
    2019-12-11 08:18:42.053251+0800 Example1[68372:913075] change:{
        kind = 1;
    }
    2019-12-11 08:18:42.053333+0800 Example1[68372:913075] context:(null)
    
    // 注释掉test1.name=@"yy"的输出:啥也木有输出
    

    所以其实prior在改变前后都会有输出的~

    当我们把四个属性都加上的时候的输出嘞:

    // initial option触发的,只可能有new key,因为初始name未被赋值所以是null
    2019-12-11 08:21:17.953893+0800 Example1[68392:914630] change:{
        kind = 1;
        new = "<null>";
    }
    2019-12-11 08:21:17.954026+0800 Example1[68392:914630] context:(null)
    
    // before prior 时机触发的,不会有new key只有old key
    2019-12-11 08:21:17.954325+0800 Example1[68392:914630] change:{
        kind = 1;
        notificationIsPrior = 1;
        old = "<null>";
    }
    2019-12-11 08:21:17.954410+0800 Example1[68392:914630] context:(null)
    
    // after prior时机触发的,也是正常如果只有New / Old时候的时机,会有new和old key,注意这里就木有before prior的notificationIsPrior啦
    2019-12-11 08:21:17.954521+0800 Example1[68392:914630] change:{
        kind = 1;
        new = yy;
        old = "<null>";
    }
    2019-12-11 08:21:17.954602+0800 Example1[68392:914630] context:(null)
    

    ※ kind

    NSKeyValueChangeKindKey:这是change中永远会包含的键值对,它的值时一个NSNumber对象,具体的数值有:

    typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, NSKeyValueChange) {
        NSKeyValueChangeSetting = 1,
        NSKeyValueChangeInsertion = 2,
        NSKeyValueChangeRemoval = 3,
        NSKeyValueChangeReplacement = 4,
    };
    

    一般情况下返回的都是1也就是第一个NSKeyValueChangeSetting,但是如果你监听的属性是一个集合对象的话,当这个集合中的元素被插入,删除,替换时,就会分别返回NSKeyValueChangeInsertion,NSKeyValueChangeRemoval和NSKeyValueChangeReplacement。

    我们来看下如何监听array增删改查,对应kind不是1的情况~

    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSMutableArray *arr;
    
    self.arr = [NSMutableArray array];
    [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(arr)) options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:nil];
    NSMutableArray *array = [self mutableArrayValueForKey:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(arr))];
    [array addObject:@"ss"];
    
    输出:
    2019-12-15 20:20:20.968834+0800 Example1[23217:599988] change:{
        indexes = "<_NSCachedIndexSet: 0x600001250720>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (0)]";
        kind = 2;
        new =     (
            ss
        );
    }
    

    注意哦,只有用mutableArrayValueForKey获取的自己的array属性才会触发KVO哦,因为如果你直接用self.arr来做增删改查其实并没有改arr这个属性值,是不会触发KVO的。

    现在是每add一次都会触发一次KVO,如果要是想要一次加很多object,但是只触发一次KVO,可以试一下insertObjects: atIndexes:


    ※ context

    下面这段其实我一直木有懂,我的感觉context还是用于区分到底这个KVO是谁加的监听,在防止crash方面木有感觉比不加强...如果有朋友有用context可以防止crash加了以后就不崩的例子欢迎私信。

    KVO的一种缺陷(其实不能称为缺陷,应该称为特性)是,当对同一个 keypath进行两次removeObserver时会导致程序crash,父类在dealloc中remove 了一次,子类又remove了一次。

    by the way,父类的dealloc方法会在子类dealloc方法返回后自动执行哦~

    这个时候就需要KVO移除监听时,只移除自己的KVO,方法就是添加监听时设置不同的context,移除时移除对应的context。

    这部分其实和之前看AFN的时候也有提及:https://www.jianshu.com/p/52bce82ded7b

    context其实就是用于区分子类父类到底是谁添加的,谁要处理这个observer。

    比较对称的是自己加的就自己移除,如果子类父类监听了同一个keyPath,只能用context来区分是不是自己添加的observer啦,例如:

    static int const PrivateKVOContext;
    
    [otherObject addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"someKey" options:someOptions context:PrivateKVOContext];
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context
    {
        if (context == PrivateKVOContext) {
    
            // 这里写相关的观察代码
         } else {
            [super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context];
        }
    }
    

    2. crash防护

    可参考:http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/wap.php?action=article&id=34770

    KVO 日常使用造成崩溃的原因通常有以下几个:

    • KVO 添加次数和移除次数不匹配:
      移除了未注册的观察者,导致崩溃。
      重复移除多次,移除次数多于添加次数,导致崩溃。
      重复添加多次,虽然不会崩溃,但是发生改变时,也同时会被观察多次。
    • 被观察者提前被释放,被观察者在 dealloc 时仍然注册着 KVO,导致崩溃。 例如:被观察者是局部变量的情况(iOS 10 及之前会崩溃)。
    • 添加了观察者,但未实现 observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 方法,导致崩溃。
    • 添加或者移除时 keypath == nil,导致崩溃。

    所以FB的KVOController就好用很多,通过内部维护了添加观察的key以及观察者dict,确保不重复添加observer,同时hook了dealloc方法,让观察者dealloc的时候自动移除observer。


    3. 实现原理

    假设我们有一个类是MJPerson,然后我们创建一个对象,给它加KVO监听。那么KVO会在运行时动态创建一个新类NSKVONotifying_MJPerson,让当前对象的isa指针指向新的类。NSKVONotifying_MJPerson的父类会指向MJPerson。

    KVO原理

    此时当我们调用对象的setAge的时候,就会调用NSKVONotifying_MJPerson的setAge方法,setAge里面大概是酱紫的:

    [self willChangeValueForKey:@"age"];
    // 调用MJPerson的setAge
    [super setAge:age];
    [self didChangeValueForKey:@"age"];
    
    • willChangeValueForKey和didChangeValueForKey是神马呢?

    willChangeValueForKey的时候age的值就是old的值,也就是我们接到通知change里面的旧值;didChangeValueForKey的值是new值,也在通知change里。

    正常如果你的option是new&old,那么会在didChangeValueForKey的时候回调你的observeValueForKeyPath,如果option是prior(改变前后都发通知),那么willChangeValueForKey的时候就会回调一次,然后调用super的setter,didChangeValueForKey再回调一次。

    注意如果你只写了willChangeValueForKey,或者只写了didChangeValueForKey都是不会造成crash的,但是只写willChangeValueForKey我试了一下是是会回调observeValueForKeyPath的,但只写did好像是不会的。


    • 父类子类KVO

    如果在父类里面加了KVO,子类木有加那么运行时自动生成的类是啥嘞?

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    @interface Parent : NSObject
    
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSNumber * num;
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSNumber * num1;
    
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    ===
    
    @implementation Parent
    
    - (instancetype)init {
        if (self = [super init]) {
            [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(num)) options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:@"hh"];
            self.num = @10;
        }
        return self;
    }
    
    -(void)setNum:(NSNumber *)num {
        NSLog(@"Parent set num");
        _num = num;
    }
    
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context {
        NSLog(@"Parent observeValueForKeyPath");
        NSLog(@"change:%@", change);
        NSLog(@"class: %@, object_getClassName: %s", [self class], object_getClassName(self));
        NSLog(@"super class: %@, object_getClassName super: %s", [self.superclass class], object_getClassName(self.superclass));
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc {
        [self removeObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(num)) context:@"hh"];
        NSLog(@"parent dealloc");
    }
    
    @end
    
    ===
    
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    #import "Parent.h"
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
    
    @interface Child : Parent
    
    @property (nonatomic) NSInteger hh;
    
    @end
    
    NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
    
    ===
    
    @implementation Child
    
    //@synthesize num = _num;
    
    - (instancetype)init {
        if (self = [super init]) {
    //        [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(num)) options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:@"hhh"];
    //        self.num = @(20);
        }
        
        return self;
    }
    
    //-(void)setNum:(NSNumber *)num {
    //    NSLog(@"Child set num");
    //    _num = num;
    //}
    
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context {
        NSLog(@"Child observeValueForKeyPath");
        NSLog(@"change:%@", change);
        NSLog(@"class: %@, object_getClassName: %s", [self class], object_getClassName(self));
        NSLog(@"super class: %@, object_getClassName super: %s", [self.superclass class], object_getClassName(self.superclass));
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc {
    //    [self removeObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(num)) context:@"hhh"];
        NSLog(@"child dealloc");
    }
    
    @end
    

    上面这段运行的结果是:

    2019-12-17 08:29:06.914380+0800 Example1[28678:414836] Parent set num
    2019-12-17 08:29:06.914522+0800 Example1[28678:414836] Child observeValueForKeyPath
    2019-12-17 08:29:06.914692+0800 Example1[28678:414836] change:{
        kind = 1;
        new = 10;
    }
    2019-12-17 08:29:06.914794+0800 Example1[28678:414836] class: Child, object_getClassName: NSKVONotifying_Child
    2019-12-17 08:29:06.914918+0800 Example1[28678:414836] super class: Parent, object_getClassName super: Parent
    2019-12-17 08:29:06.915025+0800 Example1[28678:414836] child dealloc
    2019-12-17 08:29:06.915125+0800 Example1[28678:414836] parent dealloc
    

    虽然我们的KVO加到了Parent上面,但是运行时的self还是child,所以生成的是NSKVONotifying_Child,而且KVO生成新类还会把class方法hook一下返回child,隐藏起NSKVONotifying_Child,而且superclass也是Parent,而非NSKVONotifying_Child真正的super class(Child)。

    如果注释掉child的observeValueForKeyPath,就会回调到parent的observeValueForKeyPath,这个是因为消息转发找不到就会去找父类哈,如果我们把observer加到子类上,子类不实现observeValueForKeyPath结果:

    // Child.m
    - (instancetype)init {
        if (self = [super init]) {
            [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(num)) options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:@"hhh"];
            self.num = @(20);
        }
        
        return self;
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc {
        [self removeObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(num)) context:@"hhh"];
        NSLog(@"child dealloc");
    }
    
    @end
    
    // Parent实现了:
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context {
        NSLog(@"Parent observeValueForKeyPath");
        NSLog(@"change:%@", change);
        NSLog(@"class: %@, object_getClassName: %s", [self class], object_getClassName(self));
        NSLog(@"super class: %@, object_getClassName super: %s", [self.superclass class], object_getClassName(self.superclass));
    }
    

    然后输出是:

    2019-12-17 08:42:11.197897+0800 Example1[28769:422379] Parent observeValueForKeyPath
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198102+0800 Example1[28769:422379] change:{
        kind = 1;
        notificationIsPrior = 1;
        old = "<null>";
    }
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198189+0800 Example1[28769:422379] class: Child, object_getClassName: NSKVONotifying_Child
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198264+0800 Example1[28769:422379] super class: Parent, object_getClassName super: Parent
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198326+0800 Example1[28769:422379] Parent set num
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198393+0800 Example1[28769:422379] Parent observeValueForKeyPath
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198493+0800 Example1[28769:422379] change:{
        kind = 1;
        old = "<null>";
    }
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198558+0800 Example1[28769:422379] class: Child, object_getClassName: NSKVONotifying_Child
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198618+0800 Example1[28769:422379] super class: Parent, object_getClassName super: Parent
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.198852+0800 Example1[28769:422379] child dealloc
    2019-12-17 08:42:11.199104+0800 Example1[28769:422379] parent dealloc
    

    因为加了prior类型所以改变前后都会发通知,可以看到虽然子类加了observer,而且没实现observe方法,但是回调会走parent的observeValueForKeyPath。如果子类父类都没实现observeValueForKeyPath是会crash的哦!(是在value改变触发回调的时候crash,不是注册addObserver的时候)

    通过runtime拿到method list可以看到child有给个_isKVOA方法,_isKVOA标记了是不是notifying类。

    NSLog(@"object method list \n");
    unsigned int count;
    Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(objectRuntimeClass, &count);
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        Method method = methodList[i];
        NSString *methodName = NSStringFromSelector(method_getName(method));
        NSLog(@"method Name = %@\n", methodName);
    }
    
    输出:
    2019-12-17 22:14:24.966008+0800 Example1[39130:375730] object method list
    2019-12-17 22:14:24.966336+0800 Example1[39130:375730] method Name = setNum:
    2019-12-17 22:14:24.966550+0800 Example1[39130:375730] method Name = class
    2019-12-17 22:14:24.966834+0800 Example1[39130:375730] method Name = dealloc
    2019-12-17 22:14:24.967110+0800 Example1[39130:375730] method Name = _isKVOA
    

    有木有发现有个setNum方法,其实notifying这个类只有你add监听的key的setter方法,以及基础的isKVOA&class方法之类的,其他的方法调用的时候直接转发给父类了。

    试一下下面的代码:

    Child *child = [[Child alloc] init];
    NSLog(@"child des1 %@==============", child);
    [child addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"hh" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:nil];
    NSLog(@"child des2 %@==============", child);
    [child addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"num" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:nil];
    NSLog(@"child des3 %@==============", child);
    
    并且重写Child的description方法:
    - (NSString *)description {
        Class objectRuntimeClass = object_getClass(self);
        NSLog(@"object method list \n");
        unsigned int count;
        Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(objectRuntimeClass, &count);
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Method method = methodList[i];
            NSString *methodName = NSStringFromSelector(method_getName(method));
            NSLog(@"method Name = %@\n", methodName);
        }
    
        return @"";
    }
    

    输出:

    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766174+0800 Example1[39431:398744] object method list
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766352+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = hh
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766436+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = setHh:
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766524+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = init
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766599+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = description
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766675+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = dealloc
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766752+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.766827+0800 Example1[39431:398744] child des1 ==============
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.767090+0800 Example1[39431:398744] object method list
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.767173+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = setHh:
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.767250+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = class
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.767337+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = dealloc
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.767508+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = _isKVOA
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.767690+0800 Example1[39431:398744] child des2 ==============
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.792710+0800 Example1[39431:398744] object method list
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.792813+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = setNum:
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.792903+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = setHh:
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.793002+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = class
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.793104+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = dealloc
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.793176+0800 Example1[39431:398744] method Name = _isKVOA
    2019-12-17 23:01:38.793257+0800 Example1[39431:398744] child des3 ==============
    

    可以看到最开始的child方法还是正常的,但是add过一次属性hh的observer以后,方法列表就消失了很多,只剩下setHh_isKVOA,然后又add了一次num属性的observer以后,多了一个setNum方法。


    4. 手动KVO

    如果想自己手动控制是不是要发通知,那么重载一下类方法即可:

    + (BOOL)automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:(NSString *)key {
        return NO;
    }
    

    注意哦,如果你的automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey永远返回NO,那么其实苹果没有必要给你建一个新的notifying类了,因为你自己就会管理发送通知了,所以这种时候不会在运行时偷偷建一个notifying。

    你可以通过debug打一个断点,po object_getClassName(self)看一下当前类到底是神马~

    手动的话就和上面的原理是一致的,就是自己在setter里面调用willChangeValueForKey和didChangeValueForKey就可以了。

    - (void)setNum:(NSNumber *)num {
        [self willChangeValueForKey:@"num"];
        _num = num;
        [self didChangeValueForKey:@"num"];
    }
    

    注意哦,其实willChangeValueForKey和didChangeValueForKey里面的key你可以随便写,底层并没有校验这个key是不是存在,如果你把上面改成[self willChangeValueForKey:@"numm"];并不会crash的,addObserver的时候如果key木有也不会crash的。

    如果一个属性age的改变会影响另外一个属性例如身高height,你可以在setter里面:

    - (void)setAge:(NSNumber *)age {
        [self willChangeValueForKey:@"age"];
        [self willChangeValueForKey:@"height"];
        _age = age;
        _height = @([age intValue] * 10);
        [self didChangeValueForKey:@"age"];
        [self didChangeValueForKey:@"height"];
    }
    

    那么KVC 修改属性会触发KVO么?
    会触发KVO的,因为KVC内部会实现willChangeValueForKey:以及didChangeValueForKey:

    @interface Parent() {
        NSString *name;
    }
    
    @end
    
    @implementation Parent
    
    - (instancetype)init {
        if (self = [super init]) {
            [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(name)) options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior context:@"hh"];
            [self setValue:@"yingying" forKey:@"name"];
        }
        return self;
    }
    

    以上代码还是会触发observeValueForKeyPath的哦,所以其实没有setter方法的实例变量,如果用KVC改也会触发KVO,不是只有属性的set方法才会哦。


    像上面那种一个值得改变可能影响其他几个值的状况,也可以用keyPathsForValuesAffectingXXX或者keyPathsForValuesAffectingValueForKey

    假设有两个属性num1和num,如果想在num改变的时候也通知num1的监听者,就可以设置num是affect num1的~

    + (NSSet<NSString *> *)keyPathsForValuesAffectingNum1 {
        return [NSSet setWithArray:@[@"num"]];
    }
    
    + (NSSet<NSString *> *)keyPathsForValuesAffectingValueForKey:(NSString *)key {
        NSSet * keyPaths = [super keyPathsForValuesAffectingValueForKey:key];
        NSArray * moreKeyPaths = nil;
    
        if ([key isEqualToString:@"num1"]) {
            moreKeyPaths = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"num", nil];
        }
    
        if (moreKeyPaths) {
            keyPaths = [keyPaths setByAddingObjectsFromArray:moreKeyPaths];
        }
    
        return keyPaths;
    }
    

    如果选择实现 keyPathsForValuesAffectingValueForKey,要先获取super 返回的结果set,然后看是不是要追加哦~


    5. tips

    利用 KVO,关注对象某属性的变化,当该属性变化时,处理该属性变化的观察者处理方法被调用:

    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)change context:(void *)context
    

    需要注意的是该处理方法,被调用时所在的线程,位于被观察的属性变化时的线程里。

    比如,在线程3里改变了对象属性,那么,该处理方法就在线程3里被调用。因此,若在该处理方法里有更新UI的操作时,需要在该方法里,切入主线程再操作。

    KVOTest *test1 = [[KVOTest alloc] init];
    [test1 addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:AFHTTPRequestSerializerObserverContext];
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
        test1.name = @"yy";
        NSLog(@"thread set name: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context {
        NSLog(@"change:%@", change);
        NSLog(@"thread observer:%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    
    输出:
    2019-12-17 23:08:28.870885+0800 Example1[39491:403260] change:{
        kind = 1;
        new = yy;
    }
    2019-12-17 23:08:28.871052+0800 Example1[39491:403260] thread observer:<NSThread: 0x600001b3bb80>{number = 5, name = (null)}
    2019-12-17 23:08:28.871162+0800 Example1[39491:403260] thread set name: <NSThread: 0x600001b3bb80>{number = 5, name = (null)}
    

    可以看出来一个是confirm了之前其实willchange和didchange里面回调了observeValueForKeyPath ,所以test1.name = @"yy";执行的时候就回调了observeValueForKeyPath,然后再打印了@"thread set name: %@",并且改变name的thread和observeValueForKeyPath回调的thread是一致的。

    大概是在willchange和didchange里直接执行的observeValueForKeyPath,所以observeValueForKeyPath线程和willchange等是一样的,那么也就和setter线程一致了。


    为了看着方便我木有都用下面的写,但是推荐项目里都不要直接用string哦,最好用selector转string:

    NSStringFromSelector(@selector(XXX))
    

    finally,感冒了一周多了终于好了起来,感谢北京这场大雪带走了我久违的头疼眼睛疼鼻子疼智商疼。。

    参考:
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/91c41292b5b9
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/d104daf7a062
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/badf5cac0130
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/1f7d70ff2002
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/4eae365accc1
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/b9f020a8b4c9
    https://blog.csdn.net/caryaliu/article/details/49284185
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/f98c4627e1d1
    https://blog.csdn.net/yawei147/article/details/49668227

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        本文标题:[iOS] KVO Briefing

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