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命令行学习笔记（网络相关）

命令行学习笔记（网络相关）

作者: TW安洋 | 来源:发表于2016-12-07 18:32 被阅读12次
    • ping host -- 测试目标主机是否连通

    效果如下：

    ➜  anyang ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (119.75.217.109) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 119.75.217.109 (119.75.217.109): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=32.1 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.109 (119.75.217.109): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=31.1 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.109 (119.75.217.109): icmp_seq=3 ttl=52 time=64.4 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.109 (119.75.217.109): icmp_seq=4 ttl=52 time=45.0 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.109 (119.75.217.109): icmp_seq=5 ttl=52 time=63.9 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.109 (119.75.217.109): icmp_seq=6 ttl=52 time=25.4 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 25.419/43.695/64.408/15.620 ms
    • whois domain -- 查看域名的详细信息

    效果如下：

    ➜  anyang whois jianshu.com
Whois Server Version 2.0
Domain names in the .com and .net domains can now be registered
with many different competing registrars. Go to http://www.internic.net
for detailed information.
   Domain Name: JIANSHU.COM
   Registrar: NAME.COM, INC.
   Sponsoring Registrar IANA ID: 625
   Whois Server: whois.name.com
   Referral URL: http://www.name.com
   Name Server: F1G1NS1.DNSPOD.NET
   Name Server: F1G1NS2.DNSPOD.NET
   Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
   Updated Date: 06-apr-2016
   Creation Date: 20-mar-2008
   Expiration Date: 20-mar-2020
    • dig domain -- 域名解析（将域名映射到地址）
    • dig -x host -- 逆向查询（将地址映射到域名）

    效果如下：

    ➜  anyang dig jianshu.com
; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> jianshu.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64332
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;jianshu.com.           IN  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
jianshu.com.        600 IN  A   106.75.2.241
;; Query time: 144 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.1.1#53(127.0.1.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Dec 07 17:50:26 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 56
➜  anyang dig -x 202.200.112.200
; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> -x 202.200.112.200
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2080
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;200.112.200.202.in-addr.arpa.  IN  PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
200.112.200.202.in-addr.arpa. 3600 IN   PTR xfz.xaut.cn.
200.112.200.202.in-addr.arpa. 3600 IN   PTR xfz.xaut.edu.cn.
;; Query time: 115 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.1.1#53(127.0.1.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Dec 07 17:55:59 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 109
    • wget file -- 下载文件
    • wget -c file -- 断点续传
    • wget -r url -- 递归下载文件

    效果如下：

    ➜  anyang wget http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip
--2016-12-07 18:11:35--  http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip
Resolving cn.wordpress.org (cn.wordpress.org)... 66.155.40.250, 66.155.40.249
Connecting to cn.wordpress.org (cn.wordpress.org)|66.155.40.250|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip [following]
--2016-12-07 18:11:37--  https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip
Connecting to cn.wordpress.org (cn.wordpress.org)|66.155.40.250|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3448957 (3.3M) [application/zip]
Saving to: ‘wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip’
wordpress-3.1-zh_CN   7%[>                   ] 244.22K  31.1KB/s    eta 1m 45s ^C
➜  anyang wget -c http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip
--2016-12-07 18:11:59--  http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip
Resolving cn.wordpress.org (cn.wordpress.org)... 66.155.40.250, 66.155.40.249
Connecting to cn.wordpress.org (cn.wordpress.org)|66.155.40.250|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip [following]
--2016-12-07 18:12:01--  https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip
Connecting to cn.wordpress.org (cn.wordpress.org)|66.155.40.250|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content
Length: 3448957 (3.3M), 3194644 (3.0M) remaining [application/zip]
Saving to: ‘wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip’
wordpress-3.1-zh_CN 100%[+==================>]   3.29M   198KB/s    in 12s     
2016-12-07 18:12:16 (268 KB/s) - ‘wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip’ saved [3448957/3448957]
➜  anyang ls
file1  learngit  test  wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip
    • telnet host -- 远程登录
    • curl url -- 通过 url 语法在命令行下上传或下载文件
    • netstat -- 显示各种网络相关的信息
    • netstat -a -- 显示所有端口
    • netstat -at -- 显示所有 tcp 端口
    • netstat -au -- 显示所有 udp 端口

    效果如下：

    ➜  anyang netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:hostmon         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 anyang:domain           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:domain        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 anyang:50716            140.205.172.5:https     TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 anyang:38262            119.167.151.130:http    TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 anyang:59446            113.200.101.240:https   TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 anyang:48646            106.75.2.241:http       ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 anyang:56038            123.138.46.49:https     TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 anyang:53002            linux.cn:https          TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 anyang:35568            123.138.46.32:https     TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 anyang:37560            ec2-54-222-216-13:https ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 anyang:57712            hn.kd.ny.adsl:https     TIME_WAIT  
tcp        0      0 anyang:34666            123.138.46.33:https     TIME_WAIT  
tcp6       0      0 [::]:hostmon            [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ip6-localhost:ipp       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
➜  anyang netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:51767           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:ipp             0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:mdns            0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:hostmon         0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 anyang:domain           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 localhost:domain        0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:bootpc          0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:59548           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 [::]:mdns               [::]:*                             
udp6       0      0 [::]:hostmon            [::]:*                             
udp6       0      0 [::]:40747              [::]:*

    相关资料：

    1. 29个你必须知道的Linux命令: http://www.imooc.com/article/1285
    2. 常用命令行介绍: https://github.com/iamcoach/console/blob/master/COMMANDS.md
    3. 常用命令行cheet sheet: https://bbs.excellence-girls.org/topic/167
    4. 书籍《鸟哥的Linux私房菜》: https://book.douban.com/subject/4889838/
    5. Ubuntu各种技巧：http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/UbuntuSkills

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