1. 为什么要有service
pod具有不停销毁、创建的特征,每个Pod又有自己分配的IP,Pod的创建、销毁意味着IP不停的变更,前端如何跟踪IP地址变得非常困难,service就是来解决这个问题的。它可以实现监控Pod的变化,并对外提供一个固定的访问入口(负载均衡的入口)。
2. Service 存在的意义
- 防止Pod失联(服务发现)
- 定义一组Pod的访问策略(负载均衡)
3. Pod与Service的关系
- 通过label-selector相关联
- 通过Service实现Pod的负载均衡(TCP/UDP 4层)
4. Service三种常用类型
- ClusterIP:集群内部使用
- NodePort:对外暴露应用
- LoadBalancer:对外暴露应用,适用公有云
ClusterIP:默认,分配一个稳定的IP地址,即VIP,只能在集群内部访问(同Namespace内的Pod)。
ClusterIPNodePort:在每个节点上启用一个端口(端口建议固定,不要随机分配)来暴露服务,可以在集群外部访问。也会分配一个稳定内部集群IP地址。
访问地址:<NodeIP>:<NodePort>
LoadBalancer:与NodePort类似,在每个节点上启用一个端口来暴露服务。除此之外,Kubernetes会请求底层云平台上的负载均衡器,将每个Node([NodeIP]:[NodePort])作为后端添加进去。
LoadBalancer5. Service代理模式
在kubernetes集群中,每个node运行一个kube-proxy进程。kube-proxy负责为Service实现一种VIP(虚拟IP)的形式。
cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
---node上设置代理模式
底层流量转发与负载均衡实现:
- Iptables
- IPVS
iptables模式在检测到分配的第一个pod链接失败后,会自动分配其他pod进行重试。
iptable会创建很多规则(更新,非增量)
iptable会从上到下逐条匹配(延迟大)
iptables -L 查看规则
相对于iptables模式,IPVS模式下的kube-proxy重定向通信延迟更短,同步代理规则性能更好,
ipvsadm -ln 查看ipvs规则
6. 集群内部DNS服务
DNS服务监视Kubernetes API,为每一个Service创建DNS记录用于域名解析。
Core DNS 是目前kubernetes系统内部默认的DNS服务。
- 安装DNS:
coredns.yaml内容:
# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- pods
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
name: system:coredns
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
Corefile: |
.:53 {
log
errors
health {
lameduck 5s
}
ready
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
pods insecure
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
ttl 30
}
prometheus :9153
forward . /etc/resolv.conf
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
# replicas: not specified here:
# 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
# 2. Default is 1.
# 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: coredns
tolerations:
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
operator: "Exists"
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
containers:
- name: coredns
image: lizhenliang/coredns:1.6.7
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
memory: 512Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/coredns
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 5
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: 8181
scheme: HTTP
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
dnsPolicy: Default
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: coredns
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 10.0.0.2
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
- name: metrics
port: 9153
protocol: TCP
使用kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
部署。
使用kubectl get pods -n kube-system
查看。
ClusterIP A记录格式:<service-name>.<namespace-name>.svc.cluster.local
示例:my-svc.my-namespace.svc.cluster.local
网友评论