02.Python-GUI编程小试—抢红包

引言

学习Python-GUI过程中接到一个需求(哈哈哈，来自老婆大人，刘老师的需求)，学期末了，刘老师在短视频上刷到，有老师用ppt做一个抽红包的活动，给学生发奖励，也想着做一个，初版本使用ppt做了一个功能受限不太灵活，随即使用python实现个小应用得了。

功能结构

结构分为三个部分

1. 小应用窗口-baseDesk
2. 应用内初始界面-initFace，主要用来抽完一轮红包，再重新来一轮。每轮6个红包按钮，和一个开始按钮。
3. 点击红包，切换界面-face1，主要是点击红包后，弹出红包后的奖励，即图片的切换，本文使用，随机数字获取奖励图片(图片名称末尾添加数字命名)。

先上图，小应用界面

抢红包啦

代码Demo

核心代码如下：

# coding=utf-8

import random,os
import tkinter as tk

base_path = os.getcwd()


class basedesk():
    def __init__(self, master, photo):
        self.root = master
        self.root.title('抢红包啦')
        self.root.geometry('320x200')
        global hasNode
        global startNums
        hasNode = []
        startNums = 0

        initface(self.root, photo)


class initface():
    def __init__(self, master, photo):
        self.master = master
        self.photo = photo
        # # 基准界面initface
        self.initface = tk.Frame(self.master, )
        self.initface.pack()

        button1 = tk.Button(self.initface, image=photo, cursor='hand2')
        button2 = tk.Button(self.initface, image=photo, cursor='hand2')
        button3 = tk.Button(self.initface, image=photo, cursor='hand2')
        button4 = tk.Button(self.initface, image=photo, cursor='hand2')
        button5 = tk.Button(self.initface, image=photo, cursor='hand2')
        button6 = tk.Button(self.initface, image=photo, cursor='hand2')

        button1.place(x=200,y=50)
        button2.place(x=520,y=50)
        button3.place(x=900,y=50)
        button4.place(x=200,y=400)
        button5.place(x=520,y=400)
        button6.place(x=900,y=400)

        btn = tk.Button(self.initface, text='开始',height = 10,width = 10,bg='red', command=self.change)
        btn.place(x=10,y=250)

        self.initface.place(rely=0, relheight=1, relwidth=1)

    def change(self, ):
        self.initface.destroy()
        face1(self.master, self.photo)


class face1():
    def __init__(self, master, photo):
        self.master = master
        self.photo = photo
        self.photo1 = photo
        self.face1 = tk.Frame(self.master, )
        self.face1.pack()

        # 构建 startNums 1-22 ，作为随机数字的范围，因为奖励图片命名为1-22 + 99，否则取不到图片便会报错
        global startNums
        if startNums <= 17:
            startNums += 6
        elif startNums >= 18 & startNums <= 22:
            startNums += 4

        # 开始抢红包构建
        self.button1 = tk.Button(self.face1, image=photo, cursor='hand2', command=self.ranks_red_package1)
        self.button2 = tk.Button(self.face1, image=photo, cursor='hand2', command=self.ranks_red_package2)
        self.button3 = tk.Button(self.face1, image=photo, cursor='hand2', command=self.ranks_red_package3)
        self.button4 = tk.Button(self.face1, image=photo, cursor='hand2', command=self.ranks_red_package4)
        self.button5 = tk.Button(self.face1, image=photo, cursor='hand2', command=self.ranks_red_package5)
        self.button6 = tk.Button(self.face1, image=photo, cursor='hand2', command=self.ranks_red_package6)

        self.button1.place(x=200,y=50)
        self.button2.place(x=520,y=50)
        self.button3.place(x=900,y=50)
        self.button4.place(x=200,y=400)
        self.button5.place(x=520,y=400)
        self.button6.place(x=900,y=400)

        btn_back = tk.Button(self.face1, text='再来一波',height = 10,width = 10,bg='red', command=self.back)
        btn_back.place(x=10,y=250)

        self.face1.place(rely=0, relheight=1, relwidth=1)

    def back(self):
        self.face1.destroy()
        initface(self.master, self.photo)

    def ranks_opn_pic(self):
        global end_nums
        end_nums = 0
        while end_nums != 99:
            nums = random.randint(startNums - 5, startNums)
            if nums not in hasNode:
                break
            elif len(hasNode) < 22:
                nums = random.randint(startNums - 5,startNums)

            else:
                end_nums = 99
                nums = 99
                break
        # print(hasNode)
        # print(startNums)
        hasNode.append(nums)
        print("当前随机数为:{}".format(nums))
        files_path = os.path.join(base_path,'redPackage/opedRed{}.png'.format(nums))
        self.photo1 = tk.PhotoImage(file=files_path)

    def ranks_red_package1(self):
        self.ranks_opn_pic()
        self.button1['image'] = self.photo1

    def ranks_red_package2(self):
        self.ranks_opn_pic()
        self.button2['image'] = self.photo1

    def ranks_red_package3(self):
        self.ranks_opn_pic()
        self.button3['image'] = self.photo1

    def ranks_red_package4(self):
        self.ranks_opn_pic()
        self.button4['image'] = self.photo1

    def ranks_red_package5(self):
        self.ranks_opn_pic()
        self.button5['image'] = self.photo1

    def ranks_red_package6(self):
        self.ranks_opn_pic()
        self.button6['image'] = self.photo1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()
    file_path = os.path.join(base_path,'redPackage/redPackage.png')
    photo = tk.PhotoImage(file=file_path)
    basedesk(root, photo)
    root.mainloop()

打包成可运行应用(windows - exe为例)

1. pyinstaller打包应用为exe
   安装手动pip install pyinstaller
2. 打包使用以及对应参数说明

pyinstaller -F redPackageApp.py

常用可选项及说明：

• -F：打包后只生成单个exe格式文件；
• -D：默认选项，创建一个目录，包含exe文件以及大量依赖文件；
• -c：默认选项，使用控制台(就是类似cmd的黑框)；
• -w：不使用控制台；
• -p：添加搜索路径，让其找到对应的库；
• -i：改变生成程序的icon图标。

3. 注意点

• 在启动程序同一级目录，创建redPackage目录，将奖励图片放到该目录下，才可正常运行。
• 奖励图片命名：opedRed+ 数字.png
• 初始界面图片命名：opedRed.png (无需数字结尾)