OpenSocket是一个跨全平台的高性能网络并发库。
它使用了高性能IO,Linux和安卓用epoll,Win32用IOCP,iOS和Mac用kqueue,其他系统使用select。
本文用这种高性能socket库,设计开发一个HttpClient。
为了开发方面,我们使用OpenThread作为线程库。OpenThread可以实现多线程三大设计模式,开发这个HttpClient,使用Worker模式。
设计思路如下:
-
每个HttpClient是一条线程OpenThreader。一个HttpClient对象,可以处理任意个Http请求。它由Factory类管理和创建。
-
一次Http请求就是一个task,从Factory挑选一个HttpClient对象,向该对象发送task。并进行阻塞等待结果。
-
HttpClient对象收到task消息。把IP和端口做参数,调用OpenSocket的connect。
connect有两个作用,一个是执行网络连接产生一个fd,同时把这个fd加入到poll,fd与HttpClient对象的线程id进行绑定。
fd加入到poll成功以后,该socket的任何消息可以通过线程Id,发到对应的HttpClient。 -
HttpClient对象接收到socket的open消息后,向服务器发送http报文。
-
因为connect把fd和线程id进行绑定。所以,HttpClient会收到服务器返回的Http报文。
-
HttpClient接收完Http报文,就唤醒请求线程。请求线程被唤醒,拿到Http请求数据。
测试例子是获取交易所的最新龙虎数据。
具体源码如下:
#include <assert.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <map>
#include "open/openthread.h"
#include "opensocket.h"
using namespace open;
//请求http对象,包含返回对象。
class HttpRequest
{
std::string url_;
public:
int port_;
std::string host_;
std::string ip_;
std::string path_;
std::string method_;
std::string body_;
//http请求头
std::map<std::string, std::string> headers_;
HttpRequest() :port_(80) {}
std::string& operator[](const std::string& key) { return headers_[key]; }
//指定url,并进行解析和域名解析
void setUrl(const std::string& url)
{
if (url.empty()) return;
url_ = url;
int len = (int)url.length();
char* ptr = (char*)url.c_str();
if (len >= 8)
{
if (memcmp(ptr, "http://", strlen("http://")) == 0)
ptr += strlen("http://");
else if (memcmp(ptr, "https://", strlen("https://")) == 0)
ptr += strlen("https://");
}
const char* tmp = strstr(ptr, "/");
path_.clear();
if (tmp != 0)
{
path_.append(tmp);
host_.clear();
host_.append(ptr, tmp - ptr);
}
else
{
host_ = ptr;
}
port_ = 80;
ip_.clear();
ptr = (char*)host_.c_str();
tmp = strstr(ptr, ":");
if (tmp != 0)
{
ip_.append(ptr, tmp - ptr);
tmp += 1;
port_ = atoi(tmp);
}
else
{
ip_ = ptr;
}
//域名解析,把域名转ip。可以缓存,提供效率
ip_ = OpenSocket::DomainNameToIp(ip_);
}
inline void operator=(const std::string& url) { setUrl(url); }
//http返回对象
struct HttpResponse
{
int code_;
int clen_;
std::string head_;
std::string body_;
//std::multimap<std::string, std::string> headers_;
std::map<std::string, std::string> headers_;
std::string& operator[](const std::string& key) { return headers_[key]; }
HttpResponse():code_(0), clen_(0) {}
//解析返回http消息头
void parseHeader()
{
if (!headers_.empty() || head_.size() < 12) return;
std::string line;
const char* ptr = strstr(head_.c_str(), "\r\n");
if (!ptr) return;
code_ = 0;
clen_ = 0;
line.append(head_.c_str(), ptr - head_.c_str());
for (size_t i = 0; i < line.size(); i++)
{
if (line[i] == ' ')
{
while (i < line.size() && line[i] == ' ') ++i;
code_ = std::atoi(line.data() + i);
break;
}
}
if (code_ <= 0) return;
line.clear();
int k = -1;
int j = -1;
std::string key;
std::string value;
for (size_t i = ptr - head_.c_str() + 2; i < head_.size() - 1; i++)
{
if (head_[i] == '\r' && head_[i + 1] == '\n')
{
if (j > 0)
{
k = 0;
while (k < line.size() && line[k] == ' ') ++k;
while (k >= 0 && line.back() == ' ') line.pop_back();
value = line.data() + j + 1;
while (j >= 0 && line[j] == ' ') j--;
key.clear();
key.append(line.data(), j);
for (size_t x = 0; x < key.size(); x++)
key[x] = std::tolower(key[x]);
headers_[key] = value;
}
++i;
j = -1;
line.clear();
continue;
}
line.push_back(head_[i]);
if (j < 0 && line.back() == ':')
{
j = line.size() - 1;
}
}
clen_ = std::atoi(headers_["content-length"].c_str());
}
};
HttpResponse response_;
//阻塞当前线程,等待http消息返回,才继续执行。
OpenSync openSync_;
};
//OpenThread的线程之间通信数据结构,用isSocket_区别是socket消息还是http请求消息
struct BaseProto
{
bool isSocket_;
};
//携带OpenSocket消息的数据结构,isSocket_=true
struct SocketProto : public BaseProto
{
std::shared_ptr<OpenSocketMsg> data_;
};
//携带http请求消息的数据结构,isSocket_=false
struct TaskProto : public BaseProto
{
int fd_;
OpenSync openSync_;
std::shared_ptr<HttpRequest> request_;
};
//应用程序单利,封装OpenSocket,一个进程只有一个对象。
class App
{
//OpenSocketMsg需要手动释放,放到智能指针,由智能指针释放
static void SocketFunc(const OpenSocketMsg* msg)
{
if (!msg) return;
//msg需要手动delete,把它托管给智能指针
auto proto = std::shared_ptr<SocketProto>(new SocketProto);
//OpenThread的线程id >= 0,所以只处理非负数的条件
if (msg->uid_ >= 0)
{
proto->isSocket_ = true;
proto->data_ = std::shared_ptr<OpenSocketMsg>((OpenSocketMsg*)msg);
//msg->uid_是绑定的线程id,向该线程派发socket消息
if (!OpenThread::Send((int)msg->uid_, proto))
printf("SocketFunc dispatch faild pid = %lld\n", msg->uid_);
}
}
public:
static App Instance_;
//OpenSocket对象,可以设计成单利
OpenSocket openSocket_;
//App构造的时候,启动OpenSocket。
App() { openSocket_.run(App::SocketFunc); }
};
App App::Instance_;
//HttpClient线程类,Factory管理一组线程。
class HttpClient : public OpenThreader
{
//Factory
class Factory
{
const std::vector<HttpClient*> vectWorker_;
public:
Factory()
:vectWorker_({
new HttpClient("HttpClient1"),
new HttpClient("HttpClient2"),
new HttpClient("HttpClient3"),
new HttpClient("HttpClient4"),
}) {}
//采用随机方式,提供一个线程
HttpClient* getWorker()
{
if (vectWorker_.empty()) return 0;
return vectWorker_[std::rand() % vectWorker_.size()];
}
};
static Factory Instance_;
// name是线程名,必须制定。在Linux上,top -Hp可以看到这个线程名。
HttpClient(const std::string& name)
:OpenThreader(name)
{
start();
}
~HttpClient()
{
//销毁之前,尽可能唤醒请求线程,防止请求线程阻塞
for (auto iter = mapFdToTask_.begin(); iter != mapFdToTask_.end(); iter++)
iter->second.openSync_.wakeup();
}
//处理请求http线程发过来的消息
void onHttp(TaskProto& proto)
{
auto& request = proto.request_;
//连接Http服务器,并把fd与当前线程绑定。该socket的全部消息,都发到此线程
proto.fd_ = App::Instance_.openSocket_.connect(pid(), request->ip_, request->port_);
request->response_.code_ = -1;
request->response_.head_.clear();
request->response_.body_.clear();
//fd与任务绑定到任务列表
mapFdToTask_[proto.fd_] = proto;
}
//与http服务器连接成功以后,发送http请求报文
void onSend(const std::shared_ptr<OpenSocketMsg>& data)
{
//需要判断fd绑定的task是否存在,否则关闭与Http服务器的连接
auto iter = mapFdToTask_.find(data->fd_);
if (iter == mapFdToTask_.end())
{
App::Instance_.openSocket_.close(pid(), data->fd_);
return;
}
auto& task = iter->second;
auto& request = task.request_;
std::string buffer = request->method_ + " " + request->path_ + " HTTP/1.1 \r\n";
auto iter1 = request->headers_.begin();
for (; iter1 != request->headers_.end(); iter1++)
{
buffer.append(iter1->first + ": " + iter1->second + "\r\n");
}
if (!request->body_.empty())
{
buffer.append("Content-Length:" + std::to_string(request->body_.size()) + "\r\n\r\n");
buffer.append(request->body_);
buffer.append("\r\n");
}
else
{
buffer.append("\r\n");
}
//制作好Http请求报文,发送给服务器。
App::Instance_.openSocket_.send(task.fd_, buffer.data(), (int)buffer.size());
}
//处理Http服务器发送过了socket数据流,拼成完整的Http返回报文
void onRead(const std::shared_ptr<OpenSocketMsg>& data)
{
//Http任务列表没有绑定fd的任务,就对该fd关闭。
auto iter = mapFdToTask_.find(data->fd_);
if (iter == mapFdToTask_.end())
{
App::Instance_.openSocket_.close(pid(), data->fd_);
return;
}
auto& task = iter->second;
auto& response = task.request_->response_;
//处理返回http头
if (response.code_ == -1)
{
response.head_.append(data->data(), data->size());
const char* ptr = strstr(response.head_.data(), "\r\n\r\n");
if (!ptr) return;
response.code_ = 0;
response.body_.append(ptr + 4);
response.head_.resize(ptr - response.head_.data() + 2);
response.parseHeader();
}
//处理返回的http的body
else
{
response.body_.append(data->data(), data->size());
}
if (response.clen_ > 0)
{
if (response.clen_ >= response.body_.size())
response.body_.resize(response.clen_);
App::Instance_.openSocket_.close(pid(), data->fd_);
}
else if (response.body_.size() > 2)
{
if (response.body_[response.body_.size() - 2] == '\r' && response.body_.back() == '\n')
{
response.body_.pop_back();
response.body_.pop_back();
App::Instance_.openSocket_.close(pid(), data->fd_);
}
}
}
//与Http服务器关闭的消息,唤醒请求线程,并对fd绑定的任务,移出任务列表
void onClose(const std::shared_ptr<OpenSocketMsg>& data)
{
auto iter = mapFdToTask_.find(data->fd_);
if (iter != mapFdToTask_.end())
{
iter->second.openSync_.wakeup();
mapFdToTask_.erase(iter);
}
}
//接收绑定此线程的socket消息。
void onSocket(const SocketProto& proto)
{
const auto& msg = proto.data_;
switch (msg->type_)
{
case OpenSocket::ESocketData:
onRead(msg);
break;
case OpenSocket::ESocketClose:
onClose(msg);
break;
case OpenSocket::ESocketError:
printf("[%s]ESocketError:%s\n", ThreadName((int)msg->uid_).c_str(), msg->info());
onClose(msg);
break;
case OpenSocket::ESocketWarning:
printf("[%s]ESocketWarning:%s\n", ThreadName((int)msg->uid_).c_str(), msg->info());
break;
case OpenSocket::ESocketOpen:
onSend(msg);
break;
case OpenSocket::ESocketAccept:
case OpenSocket::ESocketUdp:
assert(false);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
//处理static bool Http(std::shared_ptr<HttpRequest>& request)发过来的消息
virtual void onMsg(OpenThreadMsg& msg)
{
const BaseProto* data = msg.data<BaseProto>();
if (!data) return;
if (!data->isSocket_)
{
TaskProto* proto = msg.edit<TaskProto>();
if (proto) onHttp(*proto);
}
else
{
const SocketProto* proto = msg.data<SocketProto>();
if (proto) onSocket(*proto);
}
}
std::map<int, TaskProto> mapFdToTask_;
public:
static bool Http(std::shared_ptr<HttpRequest>& request)
{
if (request->ip_.empty())
{
assert(false);
return false;
}
//类型线程池中,选择一个。
auto worker = Instance_.getWorker();
if (!worker) return false;
auto proto = std::shared_ptr<TaskProto>(new TaskProto);
proto->request_ = request;
proto->isSocket_ = false;
//接收消息地方:virtual void onMsg(OpenThreadMsg& msg)
bool ret = OpenThread::Send(worker->pid(), proto);
assert(ret);
//阻塞,等待http请求完成唤醒
proto->openSync_.await();
return ret;
}
};
HttpClient::Factory HttpClient::Instance_;
int main()
{
auto request = std::shared_ptr<HttpRequest>(new HttpRequest);
//请求交易所的最新龙虎数据
request->setUrl("http://reportdocs.static.szse.cn/files/text/jy/jy230308.txt");
request->method_ = "GET";
//自定义Http请求头
(*request)["Host"] = "reportdocs.static.szse.cn";
(*request)["Accept"] = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7";
(*request)["Accept-Encoding"] = "gzip,deflate";
(*request)["Accept-Language"] = "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9";
(*request)["Cache-Control"] = "max-age=0";
(*request)["User-Agent"] = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36";
(*request)["Upgrade-Insecure-Requests"] = "1";
//发送http请求
HttpClient::Http(request);
//返回http请求
auto& response = request->response_;
printf("code:%d, header:%s\n", response.code_, response.head_.c_str());
return getchar();
}
编译和执行
请安装cmake工具,用cmake可以构建出VS或者XCode工程,就可以在vs或者xcode上编译运行。
源代码:https://github.com/openlinyou/opensocket
https://gitee.com/linyouhappy/opensocket
#克隆项目
git clone https://github.com/openlinyou/opensocket
cd ./opensocket
#创建build工程目录
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
#如果是win32,在该目录出现opensocket.sln,点击它就可以启动vs写代码调试
make
./httpclient
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