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持有对象

持有对象

作者: zlb | 来源:发表于2016-03-05 20:57 被阅读68次
    • 11 . java容器就是用来保存对象 除了数组外 还有集合
      分为:Collection,Map 两大类
      Collection:List顺序保存元素,Set不能有重复元素,Queue按照排队来
      Map: 按照键值对保存元素
    • 11.1 List
      11.1.1 ArrayList 擅长于访问元素 但是在List的中间插入元素和移除元素就较慢
    package com.zlb.list;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Random;
    class Fruit{
        public Fruit(){}
    }
    class Apple extends Fruit{}
    class Banana  extends Fruit{}
    class Grape  extends Fruit{}
    class Pineapple  extends Fruit{}
    class Peach  extends Fruit{}
    class Strawberry   extends Fruit{}
    class Mango   extends Fruit{}
    class Cherry   extends Fruit{}
    class Pawpaw extends Fruit{}
    class Grapefruit extends Fruit{}
    public class arrayList {
         public static List<Fruit> list(){
             ArrayList<Fruit> list = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
             Fruit[] fruits = {new Banana(),new Grape(),new Pineapple(),new Peach(),new Strawberry(),new Mango()};
             Collections.addAll(list, fruits);
             return list;
         }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Random rand = new Random(47);
            List<Fruit> list = list(); 
            System.out.println("1:"+list);
            Fruit cherry = new Cherry();
            list.add(cherry);
            System.out.println("2:"+list);
            System.out.println("3:"+list.contains(cherry));
            list.remove(cherry);
            Fruit fruit = list.get(2);
            System.out.println("4:"+fruit+"\t"+list.indexOf(fruit));
            Fruit cherry1 = new Cherry();;
            System.out.println("5:"+list.indexOf(cherry1));
            System.out.println("6:"+list.remove(cherry1));
            System.out.println("7:"+list.remove(fruit));
            System.out.println("8:"+list);
            list.add(3,new Grapefruit());
            System.out.println("9:"+list);
            List<Fruit> sub = list.subList(0, 3);
            System.out.println("10:"+sub);
            System.out.println("11:"+list.containsAll(sub));
            Collections.shuffle(sub, rand);
            System.out.println("12:"+sub);
        }
    }
    

    11.1.2 LinkList 实现了List的基本接口 在插入和移除操作时较快 但在查询时较慢

     package com.zlb.list;
    import java.util.LinkedList;
    public class linkList {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            LinkedList<Fruit> list = new LinkedList<Fruit>(arrayList.list());
            //list.push(new Grape());
            System.out.println("list.getFirst():"+list.getFirst());//得到表头
            System.out.println("list.pop():"+list.pop());//得到表头 并移除表头
            System.out.println("list.getFirst():"+list.getFirst());//得到表头
            System.out.println("list.element():"+list.element());//得到元素
            System.out.println("list.getLast():"+list.getLast());//得到最后一个
            System.out.println("list.peek():"+list.peek());//返回表头
            System.out.println("list.peekFirst():"+list.peekFirst());//移除最后一个
            System.out.println("list.pop():"+list.pop());//返回表头 在移除表头
            System.out.println("list.getFirst():"+list.getFirst());//得到表头
            System.out.println("list.remove():"+list.remove(1));//根据索引移除元素
        System.out.println("list.removeFirst():"+list.removeFirst());//移除表头
    System.out.println("list.removeLast():"+list.removeLast());//移除最后一个
        }
    }
    
    • 11.2 迭代器
      迭代器是一个对象 用来遍历并选择序列中的对象,java中的迭代器只能单向的向前移动:
      (1) 使用一个方法iterator()要求容器返回一个Iterator
      (2) 使用next()会的序列中的下一个元素
      (3)使用hasnext()检测序列中是否还有元素
      (4)使用remove()将迭代器中新返回的元素删除
     Iterator<Fruit> it = list.iterator();
            while(it.hasNext()){
                System.out.println(it.next());
            }
            for(Fruit str : list){
                System.out.println(str.toString());
            }
    
    • 11.3 Set
      Set不保存重复的元素
      HashSet 使用了散列存储方式 因此元素是无序的
      TreeSet 使用了基于红黑树的数据结构的存储方式因此元素是有序的
     package com.zlb.list;
     import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.HashSet;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.Set;
    public class set {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
            Collections.addAll(set, "E F G H I J K K A A B C C D".split(" "));
            Iterator<String> ite = set.iterator();
            while(ite.hasNext()){
                System.out.print(ite.next());
            }
            set.add("L");
            set.add("V");
            set.add("W");
            Set<String> set1 = new HashSet<String>(set);
            //System.out.println(set.contains(set1));
            System.out.println(set1.contains(set));
        }
    }
    
    • 11.4 Map(以键值对的方式存储数据)
      Map中的HashMap不保证映射顺序,保证基本操作(get 和 put)提供稳定的性能,那么LinkedHashMap就通过一个双重链表保证了顺序(迭代顺序)
    package com.zlb.list;
     import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    public class map {
        public static Map<String,List<? extends Fruit>> fruit = new HashMap<String,List<? extends Fruit>>();
        static {
            fruit.put("Banana", Arrays.asList(new Banana(),new Grape()));
            fruit.put("Pineapple", Arrays.asList(new Pineapple(),new Peach()));
            fruit.put("Strawberry", Arrays.asList(new Strawberry(),new Mango(),new Cherry()));
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.out.println("["+fruit.keySet()+"="+fruit.values()+"]");
            for(String str : fruit.keySet()){
                for(Fruit frui : fruit.get(str)){
                    System.out.println(frui);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 11.5 Stack (栈是一种先进后出的容器,LinkList具有实现Stack所有功能的方法)
    package com.zlb.list;
     import java.util.Stack;
    public class stack {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Stack<String> stack = new Stack<String>();
            for(String str : "My,Name,Is,Zhou,li,bin".split(",")){
                stack.push(str);//压入栈 先进后出
            }
            while(!stack.empty()){
                System.out.println(stack.pop());//返回表头 并移除表头
                System.out.println(stack.peek());//返回表头 
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 11.6 Queue(队列是一种先进先出的容器,事务放入的容器的顺序与取出的顺序是相同的,LinkList实现了Queue的接口)
     package com.zlb.list;
     import java.util.LinkedList;
    import java.util.Queue;
    import java.util.Random;
    public class queue {
        public static void printQ(Queue queue){
            while(queue.peek()!=null){//返回表头
                //System.out.print(queue.peek()+"\t");
                //System.out.println();
                System.out.print(queue.remove()+" ");//移除表头并回
            }
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Queue<Integer> queue1 = new LinkedList<Integer>();
            Queue<Character> queue2 = new LinkedList<Character>();
            Random rand = new Random(47);
            for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
                queue1.offer(rand.nextInt(i+10));
            }
            for(char c : "zhoulibin".toCharArray()){
                queue2.offer(c);
            }
        //  printQ(queue1);
            printQ(queue2);
        }
    }
    

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