CoreData(一)

作者: xiaocheche | 来源:发表于2016-01-05 16:44 被阅读392次

    创建项目的时候勾选使用Coredata、工程里面会含有.xcdatamodeld结尾的文件。点击该文件后在右侧视图中点击Add Entity添加任意名称的实体。Coredata可以包含多个实体(Entity) 每个实体类似于数据库的一张表,每个实体包含了attribute、relationship、Fetched Properties。attribute里面保存该实体的属性,类似于关系型数据库里面的一张表里面包含各个字段。relationship用来表示每个实体之间的关系,可以是一对一和一对多。

    111.png

    attribute包含了各种属性类型(type)自定义的数据类型使用Transformable类型 前提是该自定义类型遵守NSCoding协议


    222.png

    注:只有当type的类型为binarydata attribute type时 如果文件内容较大可以选中该属性然后勾选Allows External Storage,这样只是保存文件的路径

    1.保存数据

    func saveAttribute(name: String) {
        //获取工程自动创建的managedObjectContext
        let appDelegate =
        UIApplication.sharedApplication().delegate as! AppDelegate
        
        let managedContext = appDelegate.managedObjectContext
        
        //根据"Person" key来获取创建的实体 例子中的实体名称为"Person"
        let entity =  NSEntityDescription.entityForName("Person",
        inManagedObjectContext:managedContext)
        //将数据模型与实体进行关联 An entity description is the piece that links the entity definition from your data model with an instance of NSManagedObject at runtime
        let person = NSManagedObject(entity: entity!,
        insertIntoManagedObjectContext: managedContext)
        
        //保存属性值
        person.setValue(name, forKey: "name")
        
        //save失败后抛出异常
        do {
        //将所保存的属性值全部提交保存
        try managedContext.save()
        
        people.append(person)
      } catch let error as NSError  {
        
        print("Could not save \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
        }
      }
    
    

    2.读取数据

    func fetchRequset() {
            
            let appDelegate =
            UIApplication.sharedApplication().delegate as! AppDelegate
            
            let managedContext = appDelegate.managedObjectContext
            
            //NSFetchRequest负责从CoreData获取数据 获取Persion的所有实体
            let fetchRequest = NSFetchRequest(entityName: "Person")
            
            //执行获取 并返回一个数组,数组包含所有的实体
            do {
                let results =
                try managedContext.executeFetchRequest(fetchRequest)
                people = results as! [NSManagedObject]
            } catch let error as NSError {
                print("Could not fetch \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
            }
    
        }
    

    3.自己创建model来保存实体 xcode可以根据实体中的属性自动创建
    选中要为其创建类的实体 ->Editor -> Create NSManagedObject Subclass... ,之后会自动创建两个文件 Persion.swift和Persion+CoreDataProperties.swift 如下:

    Persion.swift

    import Foundation
    import CoreData
    
    
    class Persion: NSManagedObject {
    
    // Insert code here to add functionality to your managed object subclass
    
    }
    

    Persion+CoreDataProperties.swift

    import Foundation
    import CoreData
    
    extension Persion {
    
        @NSManaged var name: String?
    
    }
    

    当我们添加或删除了实体里面所包含的属性,可以用上面的步骤 选中要为其创建类的实体 ->Editor -> Create NSManagedObject Subclass... 重新创建。此时会覆盖Persion+CoreDataProperties.swift里面的内容,而Persion.swift中的内容不会被覆盖。

    //从plist中读取数据再将数据保存到CoreData
            let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("SampleData",
                ofType: "plist")
            let dataArray = NSArray(contentsOfFile: path!)!
            
            for dict : AnyObject in dataArray {
                
                let entity = NSEntityDescription.entityForName("Persion",
                    inManagedObjectContext: managedContext)
                
                let persion = Persion(entity: entity!,
                    insertIntoManagedObjectContext: managedContext)
                
                let btDict = dict as! NSDictionary
                
                persion.name = btDict["name"] as? String
                //保存颜色
                let tintColorDict = btDict["tintColor"] as? NSDictionary
                let red = dict["red"] as! NSNumber
                let green = dict["green"] as! NSNumber
                let blue = dict["blue"] as! NSNumber
        
                let color = UIColor(red: CGFloat(red)/255.0,
                                          green: CGFloat(green)/255.0,
                                            blue: CGFloat(blue)/255.0,
                                          alpha: 1)
                persion.tintColor = color
                
                //保存图片
                let imageName = btDict["imageName"] as? String
                let image = UIImage(named:imageName!)
                let photoData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image!)
                persion.photoData = photoData
            }
    
      //读取并保存为[Persion]数组
        let request = NSFetchRequest(entityName:"Persion")
        
        do {
          let results =
          try managedContext.executeFetchRequest(request) as! [Persion]
        } catch let error as NSError {
          print("Could not fetch \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
        }
    
    

    注:
    使用Coredata时也需要创建sqlite数据库,我们不对其进行操作而是通过Coredata间接对其进行操作。可以开启debug模式观看其具体操作:添加-com.apple.CoreData.SQLDebug 1

    333.png

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