撰写演讲的5个简单技巧
从结构和内容这两个基本概念开始。
朱迪思·t·克劳萨默著

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在叠叠积木堆上手工设置木块
“我想学更多”和“这个想法很鼓舞人心”这两个短语有什么共同之处?它们都是对国际演讲会演讲内容的评价。说话者所说的内容和他们说话的方式一样重要和有影响力。

一个新的演讲者经常会有关于如何将材料组织成一个有凝聚力和有趣的演讲的问题。很少有演讲人能写出“我有一个梦想”的演讲，但我们每个人都能把一篇能让听众理解、有意义、有共鸣的演讲组织起来。这是一个我们都能克服的挑战。

一个好的演讲依赖于两个基本概念:1)结构——演讲的开头、中间和结尾——必须保持一致。它至少包含一个贯穿整个演讲的线索，将各个部分联系在一起作为一个整体。2)内容——无论是个人故事还是名言——都能建立联系。听众对与他们相关或有个人价值的内容做出反应。

这里有5个简单的技巧，可以让刚开始公开演讲的人能够沉着应对这两个基本概念:

1. 让你的介绍和演讲的其他部分联系起来。介绍是一个激发好奇心和产生兴奋感的机会。它会让听众对他们希望学到的内容产生预期。听众是在听开头和接下来的信息之间的联系。如果我们不提供这些内容，我们就有可能让观众感到困惑。

2. 追求简单。一个好故事有开头、中间和结尾。记住，事情往往就是这么简单。用几个要点将这些组件联系在一起要容易得多，而不需要大量的细节。一个典型的五到七分钟的俱乐部演讲，在听众陷入本能的思考之前，提供了一个完美的时间窗口，让他们提出几个可靠的关键点。较少的细节会比过多的细节产生更大的影响。

“听众会对有共鸣或有个人价值的内容做出反应。”

听众天生的注意力持续时间短实际上对演讲者来说是一种优势。一些经过证实的事实就足以获得可信度——你不必成为你所陈述主题的“专家”。一个额外的好处是:你不必花大量的时间去研究你的主题。

3.依靠你自己的声音和智慧。当话题对你来说熟悉或重要时，构建一个故事就会变得容易得多。如果你通常为你的职业或爱好做研究，选择一个你觉得舒服或吸引人的话题。如果有什么激起了你的兴趣，那就去追求吧。如果经验给了你教训，分享它。听众很容易与背后有承诺和激情的演讲产生共鸣。

4. 在谈话中加入一些个人的东西。人们喜欢故事，尤其是私人故事。科学表明，大脑天生就会倾听故事，并对故事做出反应。听众会对触动心弦的演讲产生共鸣。

5. 把结论和引言联系起来。一个好的结论可以为你的听众解决所有的问题。当演讲者提出一个观点，接着提供信息，并在结束时巩固要点时，听众会有一种舒适感和成就感。回到你的自我介绍，用一个行动号召，一个乐观的结尾，一个惊喜或一句临别名言。结尾部分可能是演讲中最令人难忘的部分，也是你的典型听众能回忆起来的部分。

这些基本的指导原则可以帮助新演讲者创造一场引人注目的演讲，从而建立经验、信心和与听众之间的舒适感。事实上，这些技巧在很大程度上是永恒的，将帮助演讲者磨练公共演讲技巧，无论你是新手还是经验丰富的演讲会。

https://www.toastmasters.org/magazine/magazine-issues/2019/apr/tips-for-crafting-a-speech?utm_source=web&utm_medium=pathways_level_1&utm_campaign=tips-for-crafting-a-speech&utm_id=basecamp

5 Easy Tips for Crafting a Speech

Start with the two basic concepts of construction and content.

By Judith T. Krauthamer

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What do the phrases “I want to learn more” and “The ideas are inspiring” have in common? They are both evaluations of a Toastmasters speech that address the content of the talk. What speakers say is as important and impactful as how they say it.

A new speaker often has questions on how to organize material into a cohesive and interesting presentation. Few speakers can write an “I Have a Dream” speech, but each of us can put together a talk that is understandable, meaningful and relatable to the listener. It is a challenge we can all overcome.

A good speech relies on two basic concepts: 1) The construction—the speech’s building blocks of beginning, middle and end—must be consistent. It contains at least one thread that runs throughout the talk that ties the parts together as a whole. 2) The content—whether it is a personal story or a quote—creates a connection. Listeners respond to content that is relatable or of personal value.

Here are five easy tips to ensure that people who are new to public speaking can meet these two basic concepts with aplomb:

1. Make your introduction relevant to the rest of the speech. The introduction is an opportunity to tickle curiosity and generate excitement. It creates anticipation about what listeners expect they will learn. The audience is listening for the connection between the opening and the rest of the message. If we don’t provide that, we risk leaving the audience confused.

**2. Aim for simplicity. **A good story has a beginning, middle and an end. Remember that it’s often that simple. It is much easier to tie those components together with a few main points, without an abundance of detail. A typical club speech of five to seven minutes provides a perfect window of time to make a few solid key points before the audience succumbs to instinctive thought-wandering. Fewer details can have a much greater impact than too many.

“Listeners respond to content that is relatable or of personal value.”

An audience’s naturally short attention span is actually an advantage for the speaker. A few substantiated facts should be enough to garner credibility—you do not have to be “the expert” on the topic you are presenting. An added bonus: You do not have to spend arduous time over-researching your topic.

**3. Rely on your own voice and wisdom. **Building a story becomes much easier when the topic is familiar or important to you. If you normally do research for your vocation or avocation, pick a topic you find comfortable or compelling. If something has piqued your interest, pursue it. If experience has taught you a lesson, share it. An audience is apt to relate to a speech that has commitment and passion behind it.

4. Include something personal in the talk. People love stories, particularly personal ones. Science suggests the brain is wired to listen for—and respond to—stories. Audiences connect to speeches that have heartstrings attached.

5. Relate the conclusion back to the introduction. A good conclusion ties up all loose ends for your audience. Listeners feel a sense of comfort and completion when a speaker offers an idea, follows through with information and finishes by solidifying the takeaway. Connect back to your introduction with a call to action, an upbeat ending, a surprise or a parting quote. The conclusion is likely to be the most memorable part of the speech and is what your typical listener will recall.

These basic guidelines help new speakers create an attention-holding talk that builds experience, confidence and a new comfort level with audiences. In fact, these tips are largely timeless and will help speakers hone public speaking skills, whether you’re a novice or a seasoned Toastmaster.