java-netty

作者: 花丶小伟 | 来源:发表于2017-09-30 17:56 被阅读809次

    netty常用API学习

    netty简介

    • Netty是基于Java NIO的网络应用框架.
    • Netty是一个NIO client-server(客户端服务器)框架,使用Netty可以快速开发网络应用,例如服务器和客户端协议。Netty提供了一种新的方式来使开发网络应用程序,这种新的方式使得它很容易使用和有很强的扩展性。Netty的内部实现时很复杂的,但是Netty提供了简单易用的api从网络处理代码中解耦业务逻辑。Netty是完全基于NIO实现的,所以整个Netty都是异步的。
    • 网络应用程序通常需要有较高的可扩展性,无论是Netty还是其他的基于Java NIO的框架,都会提供可扩展性的解决方案。Netty中一个关键组成部分是它的异步特性.

    netty的helloworld

    下载netty包

    服务端启动类

    import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.Channel;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
    
    /**
     * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
     *
     */
    public class EchoServer {
    
        private final int port;
    
        public EchoServer(int port) {
            this.port = port;
        }
    
        public void start() throws Exception {
            EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
            try {
                //创建ServerBootstrap实例来引导绑定和启动服务器
                ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                //创建NioEventLoopGroup对象来处理事件,如接受新连接、接收数据、写数据等等
                eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
                //指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
                serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).localAddress("localhost",port).childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                    //设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
                    }
                        });
                // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
                ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
                System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
                channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally {
                eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            new EchoServer(20000).start();
        }
    }
    

    服务端回调方法

    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
                throws Exception {
            System.out.println("server 读取数据……");
            //读取数据
            ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
            byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
            buf.readBytes(req);
            String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("接收客户端数据:" + body);
            //向客户端写数据
            System.out.println("server向client发送数据");
            String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
            ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
            ctx.write(resp);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("server 读取数据完毕..");
            ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
        }
    
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
                throws Exception {
            cause.printStackTrace();
            ctx.close();
        }
    
    }
    

    客户端启动类

    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
    
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    
    /**
     * • 连接服务器 • 写数据到服务器 • 等待接受服务器返回相同的数据 • 关闭连接
     *
     */
    public class EchoClient {
    
        private final String host;
        private final int port;
    
        public EchoClient(String host, int port) {
            this.host = host;
            this.port = port;
        }
    
        public void start() throws Exception {
            EventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = null;
            try {
                //创建Bootstrap对象用来引导启动客户端
                Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
                //创建EventLoopGroup对象并设置到Bootstrap中,EventLoopGroup可以理解为是一个线程池,这个线程池用来处理连接、接受数据、发送数据
                nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
                //创建InetSocketAddress并设置到Bootstrap中,InetSocketAddress是指定连接的服务器地址
                bootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))
                        .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                            //添加一个ChannelHandler,客户端成功连接服务器后就会被执行
                            @Override
                            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
                                    throws Exception {
                                ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
                            }
                        });
                // • 调用Bootstrap.connect()来连接服务器
                ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect().sync();
                // • 最后关闭EventLoopGroup来释放资源
                f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally {
                nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            new EchoClient("localhost", 20000).start();
        }
    }
    

    netty中handler的执行顺序

    • Handler在netty中,无疑占据着非常重要的地位。Handler与Servlet中的filter很像,通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码、拦截指定的报文、统一对日志错误进行处理、统一对请求进行计数、控制Handler执行与否。一句话,没有它做不到的只有你想不到的。
    • Netty中的所有handler都实现自ChannelHandler接口。按照输出输出来分,分为ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler两大类。ChannelInboundHandler对从客户端发往服务器的报文进行处理,一般用来执行解码、读取客户端数据、进行业务处理等;ChannelOutboundHandler对从服务器发往客户端的报文进行处理,一般用来进行编码、发送报文到客户端。
    • Netty中,可以注册多个handler。ChannelInboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序执行;ChannelOutboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序逆序执行,如下图所示,按照注册的先后顺序对Handler进行排序,request进入Netty后的执行顺序为
      • mark

    代码示例

    • server

      • import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
        import io.netty.channel.Channel;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
        import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
        import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
        import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
        
        /**
         * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
         */
        public class EchoServer {
        
            private final int port;
        
            public EchoServer(int port) {
                this.port = port;
            }
        
            public void start() throws Exception {
                EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
                try {
                    //server端引导类
                    ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                    //连接池处理数据
                    eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
                    serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
                    .localAddress("localhost",port)//设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {//设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                            // 注册两个InboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序,所以应该是InboundHandler1 InboundHandler2
                            // 注册两个OutboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序的逆序,所以应该是OutboundHandler2 OutboundHandler1
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler1());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler2());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler1());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler2()); 
                            
                        }
                            });
                    // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
                    ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
                    System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
                    channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } finally {
                    eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
                }
            }
        
            public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
                new EchoServer(20000).start();
            }
        }
        
    • EchoInHandler1

      • public class EchoInHandler1 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        
            @Override
            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
                    throws Exception {
                System.out.println("in1");
                 // 通知执行下一个InboundHandler
                ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
            }
        
            @Override
            public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
                ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
            }
        
            @Override
            public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
                    throws Exception {
                cause.printStackTrace();
                ctx.close();
            }
        
        }
        

    • EchoInHandler2

      • import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
        import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
        
        import java.util.Date;
        
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;
        
        public class EchoInHandler2 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        
            @Override
            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
                    throws Exception {
                System.out.println("in2");
                ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
                buf.readBytes(req);
                String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("接收客户端数据:" + body);
                //向客户端写数据
                System.out.println("server向client发送数据");
                String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
                ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
                ctx.write(resp);
                
            }
        
            @Override
            public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
                ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
            }
        
            @Override
            public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
                    throws Exception {
                cause.printStackTrace();
                ctx.close();
            }
        
        }
        

    • EchoOutHandler1

      • import java.util.Date;
        
        import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
        import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
        
        public class EchoOutHandler1 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
            @Override
            // 向client发送消息
            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("out1");
                /*System.out.println(msg);*/
                
                String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
                ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
                ctx.write(resp);
                ctx.flush();
               }
        }
        

    • EchoOutHandler2

      • import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
        
        public class EchoOutHandler2 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
        
             @Override
                public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("out2");
                    // 执行下一个OutboundHandler
                    /*System.out.println("at first..msg = "+msg);
                    msg = "hi newed in out2";*/
                    super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                }
        
        }
        

    总结

    • 在使用Handler的过程中,需要注意:
      1. ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递,通过调用ctx.fireChannelRead(msg)实现;调用ctx.write(msg) 将传递到ChannelOutboundHandler。
      2. ctx.write()方法执行后,需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行。
      3. 流水线pipeline中outhandler不能放在最后,否则不生效
      4. Handler的消费处理放在最后一个处理。

    netty发送对象

    简介

    • Netty中,通讯的双方建立连接后,会把数据按照ByteBuf的方式进行传输,例如http协议中,就是通过HttpRequestDecoder对ByteBuf数据流进行处理,转换成http的对象。基于这个思路,我自定义一种通讯协议:Server和客户端直接传输java对象。
    • 实现的原理是通过Encoder把java对象转换成ByteBuf流进行传输,通过Decoder把ByteBuf转换成java对象进行处理,处理逻辑如下图所示:
      • mark

    代码

    • bean

      • 
        import java.io.Serializable;
        
        public class Person implements Serializable {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
            private String name;
            private String sex;
            private int age;
        
            public String toString() {
                return "name:" + name + " sex:" + sex + " age:" + age;
            }
        get/set...
        }
        
    • 序列化

      • import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
        import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils.ByteObjConverter;
         /**
          * 序列化
          * 将object转换成Byte[]
          *
          */
        public class PersonEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> {
         
            @Override
            protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
                //工具类:将object转换为byte[]
                byte[] datas = ByteObjConverter.objectToByte(msg);
                out.writeBytes(datas);
                ctx.flush();
            }
        }
        
    • 反序列化

      • import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
        import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;
        
        import java.util.List;
        
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils.ByteBufToBytes;
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.utils.ByteObjConverter;
         
         /**
          * 反序列化
          * 将Byte[]转换为Object
          *
          */
        public class PersonDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
            @Override
            protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
                //工具类:将ByteBuf转换为byte[]
                ByteBufToBytes read = new ByteBufToBytes();
                byte[] bytes = read.read(in);
                //工具类:将byte[]转换为object
                Object obj = ByteObjConverter.byteToObject(bytes);
                out.add(obj);
            }
         
        }
        
    • 转换工具类

      • 
        import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
        
        public class ByteBufToBytes {
            /**
             * 将ByteBuf转换为byte[]
             * @param datas
             * @return
             */
            public byte[] read(ByteBuf datas) {
                byte[] bytes = new byte[datas.readableBytes()];// 创建byte[]
                datas.readBytes(bytes);// 将ByteBuf转换为byte[]
                return bytes;
            }
        }
        
      • 
        import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
        import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
        import java.io.IOException;
        import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
        import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
        
        public class ByteObjConverter {
            /**
             * 使用IO的inputstream流将byte[]转换为object
             * @param bytes
             * @return
             */
            public static Object byteToObject(byte[] bytes) {
                Object obj = null;
                ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
                ObjectInputStream oi = null;
                try {
                    oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
                    obj = oi.readObject();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        bi.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    try {
                        oi.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                return obj;
            }
            /**
             * 使用IO的outputstream流将object转换为byte[]
             * @param bytes
             * @return
             */
            public static byte[] objectToByte(Object obj) {
                byte[] bytes = null;
                ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                ObjectOutputStream oo = null;
                try {
                    oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
                    oo.writeObject(obj);
                    bytes = bo.toByteArray();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        bo.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    try {
                        oo.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                return bytes;
            }
        }
        
    • ServerHandler

      • 
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;
        
        public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        
            @Override
            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
                    throws Exception {
                Person person = (Person) msg;
                System.out.println(person.getName());
                System.out.println(person.getAge());
                System.out.println(person.getSex());
            }
        
            @Override
            public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("server 读取数据完毕..");
                ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
            }
        
            @Override
            public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
                    throws Exception {
                cause.printStackTrace();
                ctx.close();
            }
        
        }
        
    • server

      • import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
        import io.netty.channel.Channel;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
        import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
        import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
        import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder.PersonDecoder;
        
        /**
         * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
         * 
         *
         */
        public class EchoServer {
        
            private final int port;
        
            public EchoServer(int port) {
                this.port = port;
            }
        
            public void start() throws Exception {
                EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
                try {
                    //创建ServerBootstrap实例来引导绑定和启动服务器
                    ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                    //创建NioEventLoopGroup对象来处理事件,如接受新连接、接收数据、写数据等等
                    eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
                    //指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
                    //设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
                    serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).localAddress("localhost",port)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                        //设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                            //注册解码的handler
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonDecoder());  //IN1  反序列化
                            //添加一个入站的handler到ChannelPipeline  
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());   //IN2
                        }
                            });
                    // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
                    ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
                    System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
                    channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } finally {
                    eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
                }
            }
        
            public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
                new EchoServer(20000).start();
            }
        }
        
    • clientHandler

      • 
        import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
        import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;
        
        public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
            // 客户端连接服务器后被调用
            @Override
            public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
                 Person person = new Person();
                    person.setName("angelababy");
                    person.setSex("girl");
                    person.setAge(18);
                    ctx.write(person);
                    ctx.flush();
            }
        
            // • 从服务器接收到数据后调用
            @Override
            protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
                    throws Exception {
                System.out.println("client 读取server数据..");
                // 服务端返回消息后
                ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
                buf.readBytes(req);
                String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("服务端数据为 :" + body);
            }
        
            // • 发生异常时被调用
            @Override
            public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
                    throws Exception {
                System.out.println("client exceptionCaught..");
                // 释放资源
                ctx.close();
            }
        }
        
    • client

      • 
        import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
        import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
        import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
        import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
        import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
        import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
        
        import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
        
        import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.coder.PersonEncoder;
        
        /**
         * • 连接服务器 • 写数据到服务器 • 等待接受服务器返回相同的数据 • 关闭连接
         *
         */
        public class EchoClient {
        
            private final String host;
            private final int port;
        
            public EchoClient(String host, int port) {
                this.host = host;
                this.port = port;
            }
        
            public void start() throws Exception {
                EventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = null;
                try {
                    // 创建Bootstrap对象用来引导启动客户端
                    Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
                    // 创建EventLoopGroup对象并设置到Bootstrap中,EventLoopGroup可以理解为是一个线程池,这个线程池用来处理连接、接受数据、发送数据
                    nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
                    // 创建InetSocketAddress并设置到Bootstrap中,InetSocketAddress是指定连接的服务器地址
                    bootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup)//
                            .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//
                            .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))//
                            .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {//
                                        // 添加一个ChannelHandler,客户端成功连接服务器后就会被执行
                                        @Override
                                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
                                                throws Exception {
                                            // 注册编码的handler
                                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonEncoder());  //out
                                            //注册处理消息的handler
                                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());   //in
                                        }
                                    });
                    // • 调用Bootstrap.connect()来连接服务器
                    ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect().sync();
                    // • 最后关闭EventLoopGroup来释放资源
                    f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } finally {
                    nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
                }
            }
        
            public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
                new EchoClient("localhost", 20000).start();
            }
        }
        

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