CocoaPods折腾纪实-2020-12-29

最近刚升级了macOS Big Sur，第二天接手了一个完成度90%的iOS项目。代码下载之后，关于CocoaPod部分完全不对。经过一番折腾，卸载了本mac上的CocoaPod，可是再装的时候就遇到了问题。只能继续折腾。

Ruby环境

CocoaPods是一个用Ruby写的、负责管理iOS项目中第三方开源库的工具。Mac电脑自带Ruby环境，可以打开终端先看一下版本：ruby -v

hello:~ zxs$ ruby -v
ruby 2.6.3p62 (2019-04-16 revision 67580) [universal.x86_64-darwin20]

看版本是2.6.3，是2019年4月16日的版本，现在是2020年12月，1年多前的版本，不算高也不算低，可以先用着试试。

检查Ruby镜像源

一般要求是ruby-china比较好，这是Ruby在国内的镜像，速度相对国外的要快一些。

hello:~ zxs$ gem sources -l
Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://gems.ruby-china.com

镜像源没问题，这个以前就更换过。可是这次多出了这些是什么鬼？Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2

安装CocoaPod不成功

hello:~ zxs$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Password:
Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2

又出现这个鬼：Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2

长时间卡在这里了，怎么办？

• 直接Control + C强行退出是可以的，可是CocoaPod没装上啊
• 后来解决了Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2，采用sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods仍然是长时间没有反应，需要Control + C 强行退出

• 虽然这次由于等的时间长，最后Control + C强行退出了，但是安装的命令其实没错。

• 是网络问题，还是上面那个Ruby异常影响的，谁也说不清楚。

解决Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2

提示里面已经有，就是gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2，只是由于权限问题，前面要加sudo

hello:~ zxs$ sudo gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2
Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2
Restoring gems to pristine condition...
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Restored ffi-1.12.2

gem pristine --all实际试过，这个直接用是没有效果的；

• 升级Gem到最新：

hello:~ zxs$ sudo gem update --system
Updating rubygems-update
Fetching rubygems-update-3.2.3.gem
Successfully installed rubygems-update-3.2.3
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-3.2.3
Installing ri documentation for rubygems-update-3.2.3
Installing darkfish documentation for rubygems-update-3.2.3
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 87 seconds
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-3.2.3
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 0 seconds
Installing RubyGems 3.2.3

检查一下版本号：

hello:~ zxs$ gem -v
3.2.3

权限问题

到CocoaPod的官网，推荐的命令很简单：

image.png

照这个命令做，会遇到权限问题：

hello:~ zxs$ sudo gem install cocoapods
Password:
Fetching cocoapods-1.10.0.gem
Fetching nanaimo-0.3.0.gem
Fetching xcodeproj-1.19.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0.gem
Fetching public_suffix-4.0.6.gem
Fetching addressable-2.7.0.gem
Fetching activesupport-5.2.4.4.gem
Fetching cocoapods-core-1.10.0.gem
Successfully installed nanaimo-0.3.0
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.

ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError) You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory. 这句话直接说明了这样做缺少访问权限。那怎么办？

再次尝试

直接ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError) You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory. 百度，找到了一篇文章，解释得非常清楚：
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError) You don't have write permissions for the /

• 这里提到的安装(解决权限问题)命令sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods和前面试过的一模一样。再试一次，也还会卡一段较长时间，多等一会。这次尝试算是成功了：

hello:~ zxs$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Password:
Successfully installed xcodeproj-1.19.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Successfully installed public_suffix-4.0.6
Successfully installed addressable-2.7.0
Successfully installed activesupport-5.2.4.4
Successfully installed cocoapods-core-1.10.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-1.10.0
Parsing documentation for xcodeproj-1.19.0
Installing ri documentation for xcodeproj-1.19.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for public_suffix-4.0.6
Installing ri documentation for public_suffix-4.0.6
Parsing documentation for addressable-2.7.0
Installing ri documentation for addressable-2.7.0
Parsing documentation for activesupport-5.2.4.4
Installing ri documentation for activesupport-5.2.4.4
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-core-1.10.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-core-1.10.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.10.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-1.10.0
Done installing documentation for xcodeproj, cocoapods-downloader, public_suffix, addressable, activesupport, cocoapods-core, cocoapods after 7 seconds
7 gems installed

• 通过查看pod版本号的方式验证一下是否安装成功：

hello:~ zxs$ pod --version
1.10.0

• 其他的检查命令也可以试一下，至少验证CocoaPod本身是正常的

hello:~ zxs$ pod setup
Setup completed

hello:~ zxs$ pod repo list

master
- Type: git (master)
- URL:  https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
- Path: /Users/zxs/.cocoapods/repos/master

trunk
- Type: CDN
- URL:  https://cdn.cocoapods.org/
- Path: /Users/zxs/.cocoapods/repos/trunk

查找著名的AFNetworking

image.png

小结

• Mac操作系统升级到当前时间点最新的v11.1 macOS Big Sur，会导致自带的Ruby系统抛出异常：Ignoring ffi-1.12.2 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2

• 采用提示信息可以解决这个小问题（也不一定是问题），只是会遇到权限问题，需要在命令前加个sudo;执行一下：sudo gem pristine ffi --version 1.12.2这个烦人的异常提示就没有了。

• v11.1 macOS Big Sur自带的Ruby（版本2.6.3）可用，Ruby Gem正常可用；以前切换的Ruby镜像源https://gems.ruby-china.com/也仍然可用；CocoaPod也能正常安装，基本功能正常。

参考文章

CocoaPods安装方法-2020.12.18