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Mac 配置备忘录

Mac 配置备忘录

作者: FreakWill | 来源:发表于2020-11-22 17:45 被阅读0次

    Mac 备忘录1

    Mac 基本软件

    1. 打开终端，下载homebrew
    2. 用homebrew下载iterm
    3. 在iterm上，用homebrew下载zsh, 并配置
    4. 接着下载Python，subliemtext, vscode, git等编程必备软件
    5. 下载typora, evernote等效率工具

    Python 配置

    新建Programming文件夹
    在下面新建Python/mywork等路径，配置Path。

    Mac 备忘录2

    [TOC]

    Shell

    创建 sh 文件:

    • create a path, ~/mysh;
    • new a file under the path, and write the codes
    # ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=/Users/william/mysh:$PATH  #dd mysh where I save .sh files
    • run the file, for example
    test.sh (chmod +x ./mysh/openpy.sh)

    建立 link

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/jekyll-3.8.5/exe/jekyll /usr/local/bin/jekyll

    安装 asymptote（Mac）

    cd ~/Desktop
tar -xvzf asymptote-x.xx.src.tgz
cd asymptote-x.xx
curl -O http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/gc_source/gc-7.1.tar.gz
./configure
make all
sudo make install

    配置 asy (Mac)

    place config.asy in '%USERPROFILE%/.asy/'

    import settings;
// outformat="eps";
//batchView=false;
//interactiveView=true;
//batchMask=false;
//interactiveMask=true;
home = "/Users/william/";
dir = home + "Folders/asymptote/mywork";

    改变 screencapture 类型

    defaults write com.apple.screencapture type jpg

defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Pictures/

    mac terminal 颜色设置

    打开 .bash_profile并编辑

    export CLICOLOR=1
export LSCOLORS=1212121212121212121212

    1对应前景色，2对应背景色。共有11组:

    1. directory
    2. symbolic link
    3. socket
    4. pipe
    5. executable (可执行文件，x权限)
    6. block special
    7. character special
    8. executable with setuid bit set (setuid=Set User ID，属主身份)
    9. executable without setgid bit set
    10. directory writable to others, with sticky bit
    11. directory writable to others, without sticky bit

    字母代表的颜色如下：

    a     black
b     red
c     green
d     brown
e     blue
f     magenta
g     cyan
h     light grey
A     bold black, usually shows up as dark grey
B     bold red
C     bold green
D     bold brown, usually shows up as yellow
E     bold blue
F     bold magenta
G     bold cyan
H     bold light grey; looks like bright white
x     default foreground or background

    建立.开头的文件夹(隐藏文件夹)

    mkdir .asy

    open .  # open Finder

    tex 命令

    texhash      # update the packages of tex
texdoc ctex  # document of ctex

    7z压缩命令

    # 7z a -t7z destination source
7z a -t7z folder.7z /Users/william/Teaching/毕业论文/folder

    Mac 编译 C

    touch Hello.c
# edit Hello.c
gcc (g++) Hello.c # compile Hello.c to *.out
path/*.out # execute

    绘制 uml 图

    pyreverse -ASmy -o png ~/Python/mywork/fcool.py

    APP 安全性设置

    sudo spctl --master-disable
sudo spctl --master-enable

    系统服务管理

    brew services  # == systemctl in Linux
# https://www.jianshu.com/p/90939b788004

    启动 MongoDB

    brew services start mongodb //现在和开机自启动mongo的话使用命令:
mongod --config /usr/local/etc/mongod.conf //不在后台启动mongo服务器使用

    brew services stop  mongodb // 关闭MongoDB

    启动MySQL

    brew services start mysql
mysql.service start
sudo mysql

    导入shell文件

    source path/to/file.sh

    设置 env 下载Python第三方库（需要gcc）

    env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" pip3 install --upgrade regex

    查ip地址

    ifconfig

en0 以太网地址

    ssh

    # 解决 SSH Permission denied 错误
sudo systemsetup -f -setremotelogin on

    selfcontrol.app

    selfcontrol 配置/查看/调用

    defaults write org.eyebeam.SelfControl BlockDuration -int 1440
defaults write org.eyebeam.SelfControl HostBlacklist -array facebook.com news.ycombinator.com
defaults read org.eyebeam.SelfControl
sudo /Applications/SelfControl.app/Contents/MacOS/org.eyebeam.SelfControl $(id -u $(whoami)) --install

defaults write org.eyebeam.SelfControl MaxBlockLength -int 43200
defaults delete org.eyebeam.SelfControl

    curl

    curl命令出现：

    curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 1086: Connection refused

    ~/.curlrc (curl配置文件)

    socks5 = "127.0.0.1:1086"注释掉就好了。

    调用 printer

    lpr -P printer_name file_name.txt 
# printer_name: the name of the printer you use on your system.
# file_name.txt: the name of the text file used for printing.
lpq
lprm
lpstat

    电脑盒盖省电

    pmset -g
sudo pmset -a hibernatemode 25
sudo pmset -b tcpkeepalive 0  # 盒盖断网

    扩展属性

    ls -l
// drwxr-xr-x@ //显示扩展属性

// 清除扩展属性
xattr -c fiename
xattr -rc directory

    wifi

    airport -s
airport en0 sniff 6 //抓包
aircrack-ng /tmp/airportSniff8g0Oex.cap //破解
aircrack-ng -w dict.txt -b bc:46:99:df:6c:72 /tmp/airportSniffdaMCjH.cap

    expect: input password automatically

    #!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 3               
...  
expect "password:"
send "******\n"                                       
interact

    小技巧

    输出到应用程序

    open test.txt
ls -la | open -f
ls -la | open -f -a TextMate
ls -la | pbcopy

    剪贴板内容pbpaste > test.txt

    Python

    uninstall python

    delete /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
delete symlink under /usr/local/bin/ of python

    run python3 defaultly

    alias python=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin/python3.5

    idle configuration

    目录：~\.idlerc\config-*.cfg (Windows 7下路径为：C:\Users\<用户名>\.idlerc\)

    设置为可执行文件

    script.py 第一行为 #!/usr/bin/env python

    chmod u+x script.py

    pip

    pip install -r requirement.txt
# cd 到项目目录，生成requirements.txt
pip freeze > requirements.txt

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple <package> # 加速，清华源
# 豆瓣源
-i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/

    配置：

    # mkdir ~/.pip
# vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

# 阿里源
[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

# 豆瓣源
[global]
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
trusted-host = pypi.douban.com

    youtube-dl

    --no-check-certificate # option for Youtube - ssl: certificate_verify_failed

    nltk 下载时 ssl错误

    先执行再下载

    /Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command

    自定义搜索路径

    from nltk import data
data.path.append(r"~/Programming/")

    matplotlib 字体

    在文件matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc中设置

    font.family         : sans-serif
font.sans-serif     : SimHei, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Computer Modern Sans Serif, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif

    将字体SimHei拷贝到fonts/ttf子文件夹中。

    必要时重新加载

    from matplotlib.font_manager import _rebuild
_rebuild()

    install rpy2

    使用homebrew安装的gcc

    pdb

    脚本

    import pdb
pdb.run('...')

    命令行

    python -m pdb ...

    install pygraphviz

    设置 --install-option

    version=2.44.1
pip install pygraphviz --install-option="--include-path=/usr/local/Cellar/graphviz/${version}/include" --install-option="--library-path=/usr/local/Cellar/graphviz/${version}/lib"

    pyqt

    1. qt-creator 创建UI
    2. pyuic5 转换: .ui -> .py
    3. 编辑.py

    生成二维码

    myqr https://github.com -p bear.png -c

    Homebrew

    Homebrew 加速

    清华源

    git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git

git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git

git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git

brew update

    复原

    git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git

git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git

git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask.git

brew update

    其他源

    cd "$(brew --repo)"
//中科大镜像源
git remote set-url origin http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew.git
//coding.net
git remote set-url origin https://git.coding.net/homebrew/homebrew.git

// homebrew-core
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git

cd $home && brew update

// 官方源 https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git

//homebrew-bottles
HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles

    brew 系统服务

    brew services

    Hot key

    shift input method

    ctrl + whitespace

    cut screen

    shift+cmd+4

    Ctrl + L # clear the screen

    Swift

    swift package generate-xcodeproj

    使用

    首先，创建

    $ cd ~/Desktop
$ mkdir helloSwiftPM 
$ cd helloSwiftPM

    然后

    swift build --init
swift build

# 运行
.build/debug/helloSwiftPM
Hello, world!

    Lua

    添加搜索路径

    package.path = "/Users/William/Programming/Lua/?.lua"
require "mmcut"

    R

    安装第三方

    install.packages('package_name')
detach("package:tseries", unload=TRUE)   # 卸载

# 修改默认安装目录
myPaths <- .libPaths()   # get the paths
myPaths <- c(myPaths[2], myPaths)  # switch them
.libPaths(myPaths)  # reassign them

    加载

    library(randomForest)  # 加载randomForest
library('randomForest')  # 或者

p<-'randomForest'
library(p)  #报错
library(p,character.only=T)  #正常加载randomForest

    其他

    installed.packages()  # 查看包
update.packages()  # 更新包
.libPaths()  # 包安装路径；设置环境变量R_LIBS

Sys.setenv(LANGUAGE = "en")  # R改成英文

    SublimeText

    设置自动补全

    “auto_complete_selector”: “source, text”,

    第三方登录网易邮箱

    打开网页设置

    http://config.mail.163.com/settings/imap/index.jsp?uid=YOUR_EMAIL_NAME@163.com

    Matlab

    Matlab 启动路径

    userpath('/Users/william/Programming/MATLAB')

    Erlang

    编译

    erlc filename.erl  # filename.beam

    运行

    filename.erl 首行

    #!/usr/bin/env escript

    $ filename.erl

    导入

    c(filename)

    Go

    包管理

    GOPATH

    内部或外部包都在目录$GOPATH/src

    go get也会安装到这个目录

    import package 就会在这个目录下查找

    MySQL

    my.cnf位置

    /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

    /usr/local/etc/my.cnf (由Homebrew安装)

    解决pymysql 1045Error

    1. 输入mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p，回车输入密码，连接mysql

    2. 输入ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY

    Sublime Text

    Sublime Text 使用 login shell 获得 environment variables. 默认login shell 是 zsh 不是 bash, 使用 .zprofile配置.

    Ruby

    包/库搜索路径设置

    export RUBYLIB=...

    Latex

    beamer

    latex beamer 插入代码

    在beamer中使用 listings 输出源代码时遇到如下错误：

    Runaway argument?
    ! Paragraph ended before \lst@next was complete.
    <to be read again>
    \par
    l.68 \end{frame}
    ?

    应在有listings环境的frame加入fragile参数：

    \begin{frame}[fragile]\frametitle{Your title}
...
\end{frame}

    VSCODE

    遇到import error, 正确设置左下方的Python解析器

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