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Spring Security源码分析一:Spring Secu

Spring Security源码分析一:Spring Secu

作者: 淡淡的伤你 | 来源:发表于2018-01-03 11:08 被阅读1933次

    Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean,充分利用了Spring IoC,DI(控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入)和AOP(面向切面编程)功能,为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能,减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

    类图

    为了方便理解Spring Security认证流程,特意画了如下的类图,包含相关的核心认证类

    http://dandandeshangni.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/github/Spring%20Security/core-classdiagram.png

    概述

    核心验证器

    AuthenticationManager

    该对象提供了认证方法的入口,接收一个Authentiaton对象作为参数;

    public interface AuthenticationManager {
        Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
                throws AuthenticationException;
    }
    

    ProviderManager

    它是 AuthenticationManager 的一个实现类,提供了基本的认证逻辑和方法;它包含了一个 List<AuthenticationProvider> 对象,通过 AuthenticationProvider 接口来扩展出不同的认证提供者(当Spring Security默认提供的实现类不能满足需求的时候可以扩展AuthenticationProvider 覆盖supports(Class<?> authentication)方法);

    验证逻辑

    AuthenticationManager 接收 Authentication 对象作为参数,并通过 authenticate(Authentication) 方法对其进行验证;AuthenticationProvider实现类用来支撑对 Authentication 对象的验证动作;UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken实现了 Authentication主要是将用户输入的用户名和密码进行封装,并供给 AuthenticationManager 进行验证;验证完成以后将返回一个认证成功的 Authentication 对象;

    Authentication

    Authentication对象中的主要方法

    public interface Authentication extends Principal, Serializable {
        //#1.权限结合,可使用AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("admin,ROLE_ADMIN")返回字符串权限集合
        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities();
        //#2.用户名密码认证时可以理解为密码
        Object getCredentials();
        //#3.认证时包含的一些信息。
        Object getDetails();
        //#4.用户名密码认证时可理解时用户名
        Object getPrincipal();
        #5.是否被认证,认证为true    
        boolean isAuthenticated();
        #6.设置是否能被认证
        void setAuthenticated(boolean isAuthenticated) throws IllegalArgumentException;
    

    ProviderManager

    ProviderManagerAuthenticationManager的实现类,提供了基本认证实现逻辑和流程;

    public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
                throws AuthenticationException {
            //#1.获取当前的Authentication的认证类型
            Class<? extends Authentication> toTest = authentication.getClass();
            AuthenticationException lastException = null;
            Authentication result = null;
            boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();
            //#2.遍历所有的providers使用supports方法判断该provider是否支持当前的认证类型,不支持的话继续遍历
            for (AuthenticationProvider provider : getProviders()) {
                if (!provider.supports(toTest)) {
                    continue;
                }
    
                if (debug) {
                    logger.debug("Authentication attempt using "
                            + provider.getClass().getName());
                }
    
                try {
                    #3.支持的话调用provider的authenticat方法认证
                    result = provider.authenticate(authentication);
    
                    if (result != null) {
                        #4.认证通过的话重新生成Authentication对应的Token
                        copyDetails(authentication, result);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                catch (AccountStatusException e) {
                    prepareException(e, authentication);
                    // SEC-546: Avoid polling additional providers if auth failure is due to
                    // invalid account status
                    throw e;
                }
                catch (InternalAuthenticationServiceException e) {
                    prepareException(e, authentication);
                    throw e;
                }
                catch (AuthenticationException e) {
                    lastException = e;
                }
            }
    
            if (result == null && parent != null) {
                // Allow the parent to try.
                try {
                    #5.如果#1 没有验证通过,则使用父类型AuthenticationManager进行验证
                    result = parent.authenticate(authentication);
                }
                catch (ProviderNotFoundException e) {
                    // ignore as we will throw below if no other exception occurred prior to
                    // calling parent and the parent
                    // may throw ProviderNotFound even though a provider in the child already
                    // handled the request
                }
                catch (AuthenticationException e) {
                    lastException = e;
                }
            }
            #6. 是否擦出敏感信息
            if (result != null) {
                if (eraseCredentialsAfterAuthentication
                        && (result instanceof CredentialsContainer)) {
                    // Authentication is complete. Remove credentials and other secret data
                    // from authentication
                    ((CredentialsContainer) result).eraseCredentials();
                }
    
                eventPublisher.publishAuthenticationSuccess(result);
                return result;
            }
    
            // Parent was null, or didn't authenticate (or throw an exception).
    
            if (lastException == null) {
                lastException = new ProviderNotFoundException(messages.getMessage(
                        "ProviderManager.providerNotFound",
                        new Object[] { toTest.getName() },
                        "No AuthenticationProvider found for {0}"));
            }
    
            prepareException(lastException, authentication);
    
            throw lastException;
        }
    
    1. 遍历所有的 Providers,然后依次执行该 Provider 的验证方法
      • 如果某一个 Provider 验证成功,则跳出循环不再执行后续的验证;
      • 如果验证成功,会将返回的 result 既 Authentication 对象进一步封装为 Authentication Token;
        比如 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken、RememberMeAuthenticationToken 等;这些 Authentication Token 也都继承自 Authentication 对象;
    2. 如果 #1 没有任何一个 Provider 验证成功,则试图使用其 parent Authentication Manager 进行验证;
    3. 是否需要擦除密码等敏感信息;

    AuthenticationProvider

    ProviderManager 通过 AuthenticationProvider 扩展出更多的验证提供的方式;而 AuthenticationProvider 本身也就是一个接口,从类图中我们可以看出它的实现类AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProviderAbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider的子类DaoAuthenticationProviderDaoAuthenticationProviderSpring Security中一个核心的Provider,对所有的数据库提供了基本方法和入口。

    DaoAuthenticationProvider

    DaoAuthenticationProvider主要做了以下事情

    1. 对用户身份尽心加密操作;
      #1.可直接返回BCryptPasswordEncoder,也可以自己实现该接口使用自己的加密算法核心方法String encode(CharSequence rawPassword);和boolean matches(CharSequence rawPassword, String encodedPassword);
      

    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

    2. 实现了 `AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider` 两个抽象方法,
        1. 获取用户信息的扩展点
        ```java
    protected final UserDetails retrieveUser(String username,
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)
                throws AuthenticationException {
            UserDetails loadedUser;
    
            try {
                loadedUser = this.getUserDetailsService().loadUserByUsername(username);
            }
    
    主要是通过注入`UserDetailsService`接口对象,并调用其接口方法 `loadUserByUsername(String username)` 获取得到相关的用户信息。`UserDetailsService`接口非常重要。
    2. 实现 additionalAuthenticationChecks 的验证方法(主要验证密码);
    

    AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider

    AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProviderDaoAuthenticationProvider提供了基本的认证方法;

    public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
                throws AuthenticationException {
            Assert.isInstanceOf(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class, authentication,
                    messages.getMessage(
                            "AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.onlySupports",
                            "Only UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken is supported"));
    
            // Determine username
            String username = (authentication.getPrincipal() == null) ? "NONE_PROVIDED"
                    : authentication.getName();
    
            boolean cacheWasUsed = true;
            UserDetails user = this.userCache.getUserFromCache(username);
    
            if (user == null) {
                cacheWasUsed = false;
    
                try {
                    #1.获取用户信息由子类实现即DaoAuthenticationProvider
                    user = retrieveUser(username,
                            (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
                }
                catch (UsernameNotFoundException notFound) {
                    logger.debug("User '" + username + "' not found");
    
                    if (hideUserNotFoundExceptions) {
                        throw new BadCredentialsException(messages.getMessage(
                                "AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.badCredentials",
                                "Bad credentials"));
                    }
                    else {
                        throw notFound;
                    }
                }
    
                Assert.notNull(user,
                        "retrieveUser returned null - a violation of the interface contract");
            }
    
            try {
                #2.前检查由DefaultPreAuthenticationChecks类实现(主要判断当前用户是否锁定,过期,冻结User接口)
                preAuthenticationChecks.check(user);
                #3.子类实现
                additionalAuthenticationChecks(user,
                        (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException exception) {
                if (cacheWasUsed) {
                    // There was a problem, so try again after checking
                    // we're using latest data (i.e. not from the cache)
                    cacheWasUsed = false;
                    user = retrieveUser(username,
                            (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
                    preAuthenticationChecks.check(user);
                    additionalAuthenticationChecks(user,
                            (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
                }
                else {
                    throw exception;
                }
            }
            #4.检测用户密码是否过期对应#2 的User接口
            postAuthenticationChecks.check(user);
    
            if (!cacheWasUsed) {
                this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);
            }
    
            Object principalToReturn = user;
    
            if (forcePrincipalAsString) {
                principalToReturn = user.getUsername();
            }
    
            return createSuccessAuthentication(principalToReturn, authentication, user);
        }
    

    AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider主要实现了AuthenticationProvider的接口方法authenticate 并提供了相关的验证逻辑;

    1. 获取用户返回UserDetails
      AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider定义了一个抽象的方法

    protected abstract UserDetails retrieveUser(String username,
    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)
    throws AuthenticationException;

    2. 三步验证工作
        1. preAuthenticationChecks
        2. additionalAuthenticationChecks(抽象方法,子类实现)
        3. postAuthenticationChecks
    3. 将已通过验证的用户信息封装成 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken 对象并返回;该对象封装了用户的身份信息,以及相应的权限信息,相关源码如下,
        ```java
    protected Authentication createSuccessAuthentication(Object principal,
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken result = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                    principal, authentication.getCredentials(),
                    authoritiesMapper.mapAuthorities(user.getAuthorities()));
            result.setDetails(authentication.getDetails());
    
            return result;
        }
    

    UserDetailsService

    UserDetailsService是一个接口,提供了一个方法

    public interface UserDetailsService {
        UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;
    }
    

    通过用户名 username 调用方法 loadUserByUsername 返回了一个UserDetails接口对象(对应AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider的三步验证方法);

    public interface UserDetails extends Serializable {
        #1.权限集合
        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities();
        #2.密码   
        String getPassword();
        #3.用户民
        String getUsername();
        #4.用户是否过期
        boolean isAccountNonExpired();
        #5.是否锁定 
        boolean isAccountNonLocked();
        #6.用户密码是否过期 
        boolean isCredentialsNonExpired();
        #7.账号是否可用(可理解为是否删除)
        boolean isEnabled();
    }
    

    Spring 为UserDetailsService默认提供了一个实现类 org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl

    JdbcUserDetailsManager

    该实现类主要是提供基于JDBC对 User 进行增、删、查、改的方法

    public class JdbcUserDetailsManager extends JdbcDaoImpl implements UserDetailsManager,
            GroupManager {
        // ~ Static fields/initializers
        // =====================================================================================
    
        // UserDetailsManager SQL
        #1.定义了一些列对数据库操作的语句
        public static final String DEF_CREATE_USER_SQL = "insert into users (username, password, enabled) values (?,?,?)";
        public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_SQL = "delete from users where username = ?";
        public static final String DEF_UPDATE_USER_SQL = "update users set password = ?, enabled = ? where username = ?";
        public static final String DEF_INSERT_AUTHORITY_SQL = "insert into authorities (username, authority) values (?,?)";
        public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_AUTHORITIES_SQL = "delete from authorities where username = ?";
        public static final String DEF_USER_EXISTS_SQL = "select username from users where username = ?";
        public static final String DEF_CHANGE_PASSWORD_SQL = "update users set password = ? where username = ?";
    
    
    
    

    InMemoryUserDetailsManager

    该实现类主要是提供基于内存对 User 进行增、删、查、改的方法
    `public class InMemoryUserDetailsManager implements UserDetailsManager {
    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
    #1.用MAP 存储
    private final Map<String, MutableUserDetails> users = new HashMap<String, MutableUserDetails>();

    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    
    public InMemoryUserDetailsManager() {
    }
    
    public InMemoryUserDetailsManager(Collection<UserDetails> users) {
        for (UserDetails user : users) {
            createUser(user);
        }
    }`
    

    总结

    UserDetailsService接口作为桥梁,是DaoAuthenticationProvier与特定用户信息来源进行解耦的地方,UserDetailsServiceUserDetailsUserDetailsManager所构成;UserDetailsUserDetailsManager各司其责,一个是对基本用户信息进行封装,一个是对基本用户信息进行管理;

    特别注意UserDetailsServiceUserDetails以及UserDetailsManager都是可被用户自定义的扩展点,我们可以继承这些接口提供自己的读取用户来源和管理用户的方法,比如我们可以自己实现一个 与特定 ORM 框架,比如 Mybatis 或者 Hibernate,相关的UserDetailsServiceUserDetailsManager

    时序图

    http://dandandeshangni.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/github/Spring%20Security/core-service-Sequence.png

    相关文章

      网友评论

      • weir_will:写的很详细,刚好有需要。uml的画图的软件是啥?
        weir_will:@淡淡的伤你 感谢回复,安装这个;对着你的文章试着看源码。
        淡淡的伤你:@weir_will Astah Professional
      • 编程界的小学生:通用的权限处理框架,基于Spring-Security的二次封装,可扩展,可配置。即使不想用的话也可以学习学习这种封装可扩展可配置框架的思想。
        包含了前后分离处理方案(JWT+Redis),前后不分离处理方案(session),validate验证部分处理。
        https://gitee.com/geekerdream/common-security
        给个star吧,不容易的。

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