Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. it wasn’t much - a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
1953年，英国的四个人凝视着照片51。照片上很简单——只有一个黑色的X。但其中三个人因为弄清楚照片中真正显示的DNA形状而获得了诺贝尔奖。这一发现为科学家詹姆斯·沃森、弗朗西斯·克里克和莫里斯·威尔金斯带来了名声和财富。第四个，也就是真正制作这张照片的人，被遗漏了。
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden. “If her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholar doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.
她的名字叫罗莎琳德·富兰克林。历史学家玛丽·鲍登说：“她应该在上面”。“如果没有她的照片，其他人就不可能想出这个结构。”富兰克林错失的一个原因是，她在获得诺贝尔奖之前四年死于癌症。但现在学者们怀疑富兰克林不仅被疾病夺去了生命，还被她的竞争者剥夺了荣誉。
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at king’s college in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.
20世纪50年代，在剑桥大学，沃森和克里克试图通过切割DNA部分的形状，然后将它们组装在一起来制作模型。与此同时，伦敦国王学院的富兰克林和威尔金斯用X射线照射分子。X射线产生了反映形状的图案。
But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
但威尔金斯和富兰克林的关系比著名的沃森和克里克的团队合作要糟糕得多。威尔金斯认为富兰克林被聘为他的助手，但学院实际上雇用了她来接管DNA项目。
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return,” Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.
她所做的是制作X射线照片，告诉沃森和克里克他们早期的一个模型是由内而外的。她毫不避讳地这么说。这激怒了沃森，沃森反过来攻击了她，“仅仅是检查就表明她不会轻易屈服。很明显，她必须离开，否则就会被安置在自己的位置上。
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”
历史学家皮尼娜•亚比兰说，作为富兰克林的竞争对手，威尔金斯、沃森和克里克将她从这一小群研究人员中剔除来获取更多荣誉。1962年，在诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，威尔金斯在提到富兰克林之前，点名感谢了13位同事。沃森在书中嘲笑她。克里克在1974年写道：“弗兰克林离解决方案只有两步之遥。”
No, Franklin was the solution.” She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
不，富兰克林是解决方案。”在解决DNA结构问题上，她比其他任何选手都贡献了更多。她必须被认为是一个共同发现者，”亚比兰说。这得到了阿龙·克卢格的支持，他曾与富兰克林共事，后来自己也获得了诺贝尔奖。曾经被称为“DNA的黑暗女士”的富兰克林终于重见天日了。
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