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生信人的linux考试20题

生信人的linux考试20题

作者: 泥人吴 | 来源:发表于2018-12-10 11:58 被阅读192次
    一、 在任意文件夹下面创建形如 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9 格式的文件夹系列
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ mkdir -p 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    1
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ tree
    .
    └── 1
        └── 2
            └── 3
                └── 4
                    └── 5
                        └── 6
                            └── 7
                                └── 8
                                    └── 9
    
    9 directories, 0 files
    
    二、在创建好的文件夹下面,比如我的是 /Users/jimmy/tmp/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9 ,里面创建文本文件 me.txt
    三、在文本文件 me.txt 里面输入内容:
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cd ./1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ touch me.txt
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ ls
    me.txt
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ vim me.txt 
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ cat me.txt 
    Go to: http://www.biotrainee.com/
    I love bioinfomatics.
    And you ?
    
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat > me.txt 
    Go to: http://www.biotrainee.com/
    I love bioinfomatics.
    And you ?
    ^C
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat me.txt 
    Go to: http://www.biotrainee.com/
    I love bioinfomatics.
    And you ?
    
    四、删除上面创建的文件夹 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9 及文本文件 me.txt
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ cd test/
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    1
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ rm -r 1/
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ tree
    .
    
    0 directories, 0 files
    
    五、在任意文件夹下面创建 folder1~5这5个文件夹,然后每个文件夹下面继续创建 folder1~5这5个文件夹,效果如下:
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ mkdir -p folder{1..5}/folder{1..5}
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls *
    folder1:
    folder1  folder2  folder3  folder4  folder5
    
    folder2:
    folder1  folder2  folder3  folder4  folder5
    
    folder3:
    folder1  folder2  folder3  folder4  folder5
    
    folder4:
    folder1  folder2  folder3  folder4  folder5
    
    folder5:
    folder1  folder2  folder3  folder4  folder5
    
    六、在第五题创建的每一个文件夹下面都 创建第二题文本文件 me.txt ,内容也要一样。
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ echo folder{1..5}/folder{1..5}|xargs -n 1 cp me.txt
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ tree
    .
    |-- folder1
    |   |-- folder1
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder2
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder3
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder4
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   `-- folder5
    |       `-- me.txt
    |-- folder2
    |   |-- folder1
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder2
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder3
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder4
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   `-- folder5
    |       `-- me.txt
    |-- folder3
    |   |-- folder1
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder2
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder3
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder4
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   `-- folder5
    |       `-- me.txt
    |-- folder4
    |   |-- folder1
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder2
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder3
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder4
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   `-- folder5
    |       `-- me.txt
    |-- folder5
    |   |-- folder1
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder2
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder3
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   |-- folder4
    |   |   `-- me.txt
    |   `-- folder5
    |       `-- me.txt
    `-- me.txt
    
    30 directories, 26 files
    
    七,再次删除掉前面几个步骤建立的文件夹及文件
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    folder1  folder2  folder3  folder4  folder5  me.txt
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ rm -rf folder*
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    me.txt
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ rm me.txt 
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ 
    
    八、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/igv/test.bed 文件,后在里面选择含有 H3K4me3 的那一行是第几行,该文件总共有几行。
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ wget -c http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/igv/test.bed
    --2018-12-11 20:14:50--  http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/igv/test.bed
    Resolving www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)... 123.206.72.184
    Connecting to www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)|123.206.72.184|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 3099 (3.0K)
    Saving to: ‘test.bed’
    
    test.bed              100%[=========================>]   3.03K  --.-KB/s    in 0s      
    
    2018-12-11 20:14:50 (480 MB/s) - ‘test.bed’ saved [3099/3099]
    
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    test.bed
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat test.bed | grep -n H3K4me3
    8:chr1  9810    10438   ID=SRX387603;Name=H3K4me3%20(@%20HMLE);Title=GSM1280527:%20HMLE%20Twist3D%20H3K4me3%20rep2%3B%20Homo%20sapiens%3B%20ChIP-Seq;Cell%20group=Breast;<br>source_name=HMLE_Twist3D_H3K4me3;cell%20type=human%20mammary%20epithelial%20cells;transfected%20with=Twist1;culture%20type=sphere;chip%20antibody=H3K4me3;chip%20antibody%20vendor=Millipore;  222 .   9810    10438   0,226,255
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat test.bed |wc
         10      88    3099
    
    九、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/rmDuplicate.zip 文件,并且解压,查看里面的文件夹结构
    # 下载
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ wget http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/rmDuplicate.zip
    --2018-12-11 21:02:42--  http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/rmDuplicate.zip
    Resolving www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)... 123.206.72.184
    Connecting to www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)|123.206.72.184|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 104931 (102K) [application/zip]
    Saving to: ‘rmDuplicate.zip’
    
    rmDuplicate.zip       100%[=========================>] 102.47K   523KB/s    in 0.2s    
    
    2018-12-11 21:02:43 (523 KB/s) - ‘rmDuplicate.zip’ saved [104931/104931]
    
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
    rmDuplicate.zip  test.bed
    
    # 解压
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ unzip rmDuplicate.zip 
    Archive:  rmDuplicate.zip
       creating: rmDuplicate/
       creating: rmDuplicate/picard/
       creating: rmDuplicate/picard/paired/
      inflating: rmDuplicate/picard/paired/readme.txt  
    ···
      inflating: rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.vcf.gz  
    
    # 查看文件结构
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cd rmDuplicate/
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/rmDuplicate$ tree
    .
    ├── picard
    │   ├── paired
    │   │   ├── readme.txt
    │   │   ├── tmp.header
    │   │   ├── tmp.MarkDuplicates.log
    │   │   ├── tmp.metrics
    │   │   ├── tmp.rmdup.bai
    │   │   ├── tmp.rmdup.bam
    │   │   ├── tmp.sam
    │   │   └── tmp.sorted.bam
    │   └── single
    │       ├── readme.txt
    │       ├── tmp.header
    │       ├── tmp.MarkDuplicates.log
    │       ├── tmp.metrics
    │       ├── tmp.rmdup.bai
    │       ├── tmp.rmdup.bam
    │       ├── tmp.sam
    │       └── tmp.sorted.bam
    └── samtools
        ├── paired
        │   ├── readme.txt
        │   ├── tmp.header
        │   ├── tmp.rmdup.bam
        │   ├── tmp.rmdup.vcf.gz
        │   ├── tmp.sam
        │   ├── tmp.sorted.bam
        │   └── tmp.sorted.vcf.gz
        └── single
            ├── readme.txt
            ├── tmp.header
            ├── tmp.rmdup.bam
            ├── tmp.rmdup.vcf.gz
            ├── tmp.sam
            ├── tmp.sorted.bam
            └── tmp.sorted.vcf.gz
    
    6 directories, 30 files
    
    十、打开第九题解压的文件,进入 rmDuplicate/samtools/single 文件夹里面,查看后缀为 .sam 的文件,搞清楚 生物信息学里面的SAM/BAM 定义是什么
    十一、安装 samtools 软件
    vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/src$ source ~/miniconda3/bin/activate 
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/src$ conda install samtools=1.8 y
    # 检查一下能否运行
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/src$ samtools
    
    Program: samtools (Tools for alignments in the SAM format)
    Version: 1.7 (using htslib 1.7)
    
    Usage:   samtools <command> [options]
    
    十二、打开后缀为BAM 的文件,找到产生该文件的命令。 提示一下命令是:
    十三题、根据上面的命令,找到我使用的参考基因组 /home/jianmingzeng/reference/index/bowtie/hg38 具体有多少条染色体
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ samtools view -H ~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.bam |awk '{print $2}'|cut -c4-9|sort -n|uniq -c|grep -v '_'
          1 bowtie
          1 chr1
          1 chr10
          1 chr11
          1 chr12
          1 chr13
          1 chr14
          1 chr15
          1 chr16
          1 chr17
          1 chr18
          1 chr19
          1 chr2
          1 chr20
          1 chr21
          1 chr22
          1 chr3
          1 chr4
          1 chr5
          1 chr6
          1 chr7
          1 chr8
          1 chr9
          1 chrM
          1 chrX
          1 chrY
          1 1.0
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ samtools view -H ~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.bam |awk '{print $2}'|cut -c4-9|sort -n|uniq -c|grep -v '_'|wc
         27      54     365
    # 不算前两个,应该是25条
    
    十四题、上面的后缀为BAM 的文件的第二列,只有 0 和 16 两个数字,用 cut/sort/uniq等命令统计它们的个数。
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ samtools view  ~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.bam |cut -f2|sort|uniq -c
         29 0
         24 16
    
    十五题、重新打开 rmDuplicate/samtools/paired 文件夹下面的后缀为BAM 的文件,再次查看第二列,并且统计
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/paired$ samtools view tmp.sorted.bam | cut -f2|sort -n |uniq -c
          3 83
          2 97
          9 99
          8 147
          3 163
          1 323
          1 353
          1 371
          1 387
          1 433
    
    十六题、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/sickle/sickle-results.zip 文件,并且解压,查看里面的文件夹结构, 这个文件有2.3M,注意留心下载时间及下载速度。
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cd sickle-results/
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/sickle-results$ tree
    .
    ├── command.txt
    ├── single_tmp_fastqc.html
    ├── single_tmp_fastqc.zip
    ├── test1_fastqc.html
    ├── test1_fastqc.zip
    ├── test2_fastqc.html
    ├── test2_fastqc.zip
    ├── trimmed_output_file1_fastqc.html
    ├── trimmed_output_file1_fastqc.zip
    ├── trimmed_output_file2_fastqc.html
    └── trimmed_output_file2_fastqc.zip
    
    十七题、解压 sickle-results/single_tmp_fastqc.zip 文件,并且进入解压后的文件夹,找到 fastqc_data.txt 文件,并且搜索该文本文件以 >>开头的有多少行?
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/sickle-results/single_tmp_fastqc$ cat fastqc_data.txt | grep '^>>'|wc -l
    24
    # 也可以使用:
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/sickle-results/single_tmp_fastqc$ cat fastqc_data.txt | awk '/^>>/{print $0}'|wc -l
    24
    
    十八题、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/tmp/hg38.tss 文件,去NCBI找到TP53/BRCA1等自己感兴趣的基因对应的 refseq数据库 ID,然后找到它们的hg38.tss 文件的哪一行。
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat hg38.tss | grep -n "NM_001126113"
    29346:NM_001126113  chr17   7685550 7689550 1
    
    十九题、解析hg38.tss 文件,统计每条染色体的基因个数。
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat hg38.tss |cut -f2|sort|uniq -c|grep -v '_'
       6050 chr1
       2824 chr10
       3449 chr11
       2931 chr12
       1122 chr13
       1883 chr14
       2168 chr15
       2507 chr16
       3309 chr17
        873 chr18
       3817 chr19
       4042 chr2
       1676 chr20
        868 chr21
       1274 chr22
       3277 chr3
       2250 chr4
       2684 chr5
       3029 chr6
       2720 chr7
       2069 chr8
       2301 chr9
          2 chrM
       2553 chrX
        414 chrY
    
    二十题、解析hg38.tss 文件,统计NM和NR开头的熟练,了解NM和NR开头的含义。
    (base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat hg38.tss |awk '{print$1}'|cut -c1-2|sort|uniq -c 
      51064 NM
      15954 NR
    

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