安装mysql 5.7

首先去mysql官网下载想要的版本的rpm包，我这里使用mysql5.7版本。==因为是在centos下安装，记得只能下载rpm包==

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将下载的rpm包放到centos7系统相应的文件夹中，推荐使用==winscp==软件来实现window系统与linux系统之间文件传递。
进入centos系统里存放mysql的rpm文件的文件夹，使用命令yum localinstall + rpm包名 安装。
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3.1 ==仅仅执行rpm还不算真的安装mysql，必须再使用yum install mysql-community-server 来安装myqsl==

安装成功后可以使用命令yum repolist all|grep mysql来查看安装结果以及mysql的版本信息
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==可以看出只有5.7版本是启动状态（因为下载的就是5.7版本的rpm包）==，如果想要激活其他版本的mysql，可参考以下操作：

yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql56-community-dmr

或者采用修改配置文件的方式 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

==enable的值为0表示禁用，1表示启用==

查看本机安装的mysql的版本号

[root@centos64-02 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled|grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64        MySQL Connectors Community           36
mysql-tools-community/x86_64             MySQL Tools Community                47
mysql57-community/x86_64                 MySQL 5.7 Community Server          207

查看mysql相关文件的位置

[root@centos64-02 yum.repos.d]# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/local/mysql /usr/share/mysql
[root@centos64-02 yum.repos.d]#

启动mysql服务

[root@centos64-02 yum.repos.d] # systemctl start mysqld

获取默认随机生成的密码，并重置

[root@centos64-02 etc]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep password
2017-07-19T01:04:45.248243Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: g4e26lrMM!gy
2017-07-19T01:05:20.585839Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T01:11:52.375751Z 4 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T01:11:55.131770Z 5 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T01:21:43.056325Z 6 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T01:22:21.155491Z 7 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T01:23:18.120100Z 8 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T01:23:22.515380Z 9 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
2017-07-19T01:34:18.970916Z 10 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T01:36:47.484062Z 11 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
2017-07-19T01:39:16.574308Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'validate_password'
2017-07-19T01:39:18.303952Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2017-07-19T01:39:18.303954Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'
2017-07-19T02:25:22.827081Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T02:25:39.030177Z 4 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
2017-07-19T02:26:08.313919Z 5 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T02:26:15.181663Z 6 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
2017-07-19T02:26:17.754514Z 7 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2017-07-19T02:26:35.221528Z 8 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@centos64-02 etc]# mysql_secure_installation            

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:

==5.7以后官方对密码设置要求变严，建议使用字母大小写+特殊符号+足够位数==

登录mysql

mysql -u root -p

远程访问配置

创建一个管理员账户，用户名为 admin 密码为自定义（需要满足要求）,并配置所有权限

mysql> create user 'admin'@'%' identified by 'admin123456MYSQL!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改字符编码

首先查看当前mysql的字符集

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看出默认字符集为latin1 ，这对中文字符不太支持。
修改 /etc/my.cnf文件，添加字符集的设置。