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创建和连接可插拔数据库PDB(PLUGGABLE DATABAS

创建和连接可插拔数据库PDB(PLUGGABLE DATABAS

作者: liuxiaolin | 来源:发表于2020-12-20 13:37 被阅读0次

    因为安装的的oracle18c express edition版本,该版本对CUP和内存的使用数量做了限制,且只支持创建一个数据库实例,但对创建可插拔数据库数量没有限制。

    1、容器数据库、普通数据库概念入门

    是ORACLE12c新引入的特性,这个特性允许CDB容器数据库中创建并且维护多个数据库,在CDB中创建的数据库被称为PDB,每个PDB在CDB中是独立的,在单独使用PDB时与普通数据库无差别。CDB根容器数据库的主要作用就是容纳所有相关的PDB元数据,以及在CDB中对虽有PDB进行管理。

    (1)ROOT:ROOT容器数据库,是CDB环境中的根数据库,在跟数据库中含有主数据字典视图,其中包含了与ROOT容器有关的元数据和CDB中包含的所有PDB信息,在CDB环境中被标识为CDB$ROOT,每个CDB环境中只能有一个ROOT容器数据库。

    (2)PDB SEED:PDB SEED为PDB的种子,其中提供了数据文件,在PDB环境中被标识为PDB$SEED,是创建PDB的模板,可以连接PDB$SEED但是不能执行任何事务,因为PDB$SEED是只读的,不可修改。

    (3)PDBS:PDBS数据库,在CDB环境中每个PDB都是独立存在的,与传统ORACLE数据库无差别,每个PDB拥有自己的数据文件和OBJECTS,唯一的区别就是PDB可以插入到PDB中,以及从CDB中拔出。当用户连接到PDB时不会感觉到根容器和其他PDB的存在。

    普通数据库 = 非容器数据库(non-container database)

    容器数据库 (container database) --- 多租户架构,也叫云数据库。

    用DBCA创建数据库的时候,可以选择创建普通数据库和创建容器数据库。容器数据库体系结构如下:

    容器数据库体系结构图.png

    2、创建一个名为BI的可插拔数据库(PDB)

    创建PDB有两种方式,一种是用DBCA图形化配置工具,一种是命令行文本配置工具。
    这里演示用命令行方式创建PDB数据库:

    1、因为PDB是由PDBSEED中文件创建而来,所以要确定PDBSEED文件位置。

    [oracle@hd01 XE]$ pwd
    /opt/oracle/oradata/XE
    [oracle@hd01 XE]$ ll
    total 2096596
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  18726912 Dec 19 23:53 control01.ctl
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  18726912 Dec 19 23:53 control02.ctl
    drwxr-x---. 2 oracle oinstall       111 Dec 12 10:27 pdbseed
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Dec 19 23:53 redo01.log
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Dec 19 22:22 redo02.log
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Dec 19 22:22 redo03.log
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 524296192 Dec 19 23:52 sysaux01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 880812032 Dec 19 23:52 system01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  34611200 Dec 19 09:11 temp01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  68165632 Dec 19 23:52 undotbs01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Dec 19 22:22 users01.dbf
    drwxr-x---. 2 oracle oinstall       104 Dec 12 10:39 XEPDB1
    

    2、创建目标PDB文件存放目录,以要创建的该PDB名字命名

    [oracle@hd01 XE]$ mkdir BI
    [oracle@hd01 XE]$ ll
    total 2096596
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall         6 Dec 19 23:58 BI
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  18726912 Dec 19 23:58 control01.ctl
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  18726912 Dec 19 23:58 control02.ctl
    drwxr-x---. 2 oracle oinstall       111 Dec 12 10:27 pdbseed
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Dec 19 23:58 redo01.log
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Dec 19 22:22 redo02.log
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Dec 19 22:22 redo03.log
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 524296192 Dec 19 23:52 sysaux01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 880812032 Dec 19 23:57 system01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  34611200 Dec 19 09:11 temp01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  68165632 Dec 19 23:57 undotbs01.dbf
    -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Dec 19 22:22 users01.dbf
    drwxr-x---. 2 oracle oinstall       104 Dec 12 10:39 XEPDB1
    

    3、从PDBSEED创建PDB
    在根容器环境下执行以下创建语句

    [oracle@hd01 XE]$ sqlplus /nolog
    SQL> conn sys/123456 as sysdba;
    Connected.
    SQL> show con_name;
    
    CON_NAME
    ------------------------------
    CDB$ROOT
    SQL> create pluggable database bi 
      2  admin user bi_admin identified by 123456 roles=(connect) 
      3  file_name_convert=('/opt/oracle/oradata/XE/pdbseed/','/opt/oracle/oradata/XE/BI/');
    
    Pluggable database created.
    

    4、打开新创建BI PDB数据库

    SQL> alter pluggable database bi open;
    
    Pluggable database altered.
    

    5、配置oracle网络配置文件

    在tnsname.ora文件中追加上:
    BI =
    (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SERVER = DEDICATED)
    (SERVICE_NAME = BI)
    )
    )

    LISTENER_BI =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))

    [oracle@hd01 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
    # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
    
    LISTENER_XEPDB1 =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))
    
    
    XE =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVER = DEDICATED)
          (SERVICE_NAME = XE)
        )
      )
    
    LISTENER_XE =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))
    
    XEPDB1 =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVER = DEDICATED)
          (SERVICE_NAME = XEPDB1)
        )
      )
    
    BI =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVER = DEDICATED)
          (SERVICE_NAME = BI)
        )
      )
    
    LISTENER_BI =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521))
    
    

    5、重启数据库、查看监听服务

    [oracle@hd01 admin]$ su root
    Password: 
    [root@hd01 admin]# systemctl stop oracle-xe-18c
    [root@hd01 admin]# systemctl start oracle-xe-18c
    [root@hd01 admin]# su oracle
    [oracle@hd01 admin]$ lsnrctl status
    
    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 19-DEC-2020 22:23:00
    
    Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hd01)(PORT=1521)))
    STATUS of the LISTENER
    ------------------------
    Alias                     LISTENER
    Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
    Start Date                19-DEC-2020 22:22:28
    Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 32 sec
    Trace Level               off
    Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
    SNMP                      OFF
    Default Service           XE
    Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/listener.ora
    Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hd01/listener/alert/log.xml
    Listening Endpoints Summary...
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hd01)(PORT=1521)))
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/admin/XE/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
    Services Summary...
    Service "XE" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "b647330b1baf49cce053647ea8c0ad60" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "b6ddaa94879342bfe053647ea8c08dcc" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "bi" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "xepdb1" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    The command completed successfully
    [oracle@hd01 admin]$ tnsping bi
    
    TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 19-DEC-2020 22:23:27
    
    Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    Used parameter files:
    /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
    
    
    Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
    Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hd01)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = BI)))
    OK (50 msec)
    

    6、连接BI PDB数据库

    
    [oracle@hd01 admin]$ sqlplus bi_admin/123456@bi
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Dec 20 00:26:55 2020
    Version 18.4.0.0.0
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    
    Connected to:
    Oracle Database 18c Express Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
    Version 18.4.0.0.0
    
    SQL> show con_name;
    
    CON_NAME
    ------------------------------
    BI
    SQL> 
    

    至此结束,大功告成!

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