The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
纽约的研究人员首次研究了“旁观者冷漠效应”，因为邻居们忽视了一名女性被谋杀时的哭泣声（时长超过半小时），有的甚至把电视音量调大。关于帮助那些有困难的人，他们发现：
(1) women are helped more than men;
(1) 女性得到的帮助比男性更多；
(2) men help more than women;
(2) 男性比女性帮助得更多；
(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
(3) 有魅力的女人比没有魅力的女人更容易得到帮助。
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
其他因素包括该地区的人数、是否认为当事人由于自己的过错而陷入困境，以及当事人是否认为自己能够提供帮助。
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
根据伦敦大学学院教授阿德里安·弗纳姆的说法，我们倾向于袖手旁观的原因有三：
(1) “Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
(1) “责任转移”——人越多，得到帮助的可能性就越小。每个人都认为别人会提供帮助，以此为借口，这样“其他人”越多，责任的转移就越大。
(2) “Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
(2) “害怕犯错”——情况往往不明。人们认为，当事人可能彼此认识，也可能是开玩笑，因此害怕尴尬使他们保持沉默。
(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
(3) “如果注意力转向你，而这个人是暴力的，你会担心后果。”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention, much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved , and a fight would easily follow.”
伦敦大学社会学教授劳里·泰勒表示：“在我看到的介入实验中，这在很大程度上取决于邻居或环境。公共环境的沉默很难打破，我们不愿意引起人们对正在发生的事情的关注，而在足球比赛中，人们会卷入其中，很容易发生争吵。”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
心理治疗师艾伦·杜普伊指出了个人的重要性：“总体而言，英国人在介入方面有一些困难，但每个群体中总有一些特别的人，愿意介入，不顾自己的安全。这些人应该是具有很强道德规范或宗教理想的人。”
网友评论