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Flutter Layout笔记

Flutter Layout笔记

作者: 阿狸小朋友 | 来源:发表于2020-05-18 19:28 被阅读0次
1

Row and Column

  • MainAxisAlignment
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.start,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
2 3 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
4.png 5.png 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.end,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
6 7 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
8.png 9.png 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
10.png 11.png 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceAround,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
12.png 13.png

如果想对齐不同的文本 使用CrossAxisAlignment.baseline

Row(
  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.baseline,
  textBaseline: TextBaseline.alphabetic,
  children: <Widget>[
    Text(
      'Baseline',
      style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display3,
    ),
    Text(
      'Baseline',
      style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.body1,
    ),
  ],
),
14.png
  • CrossAxisAlignment
Row /*or Column*/( 
  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 200),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
15.png 16.png 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 200),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
17.png 18.png 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.end,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 200),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
19.png 20.png 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 200),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
21.png 22.png
  • MainAxisSize
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
23.png 24.png 
Row /*or Column*/( 
  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
25.png 26.png

2.IntrinsicWidth and IntrinsicHeight

Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('IntrinsicWidth')),
    body: Center(
      child: Column(
        children: <Widget>[
          RaisedButton(
            onPressed: () {},
            child: Text('Short'),
          ),
          RaisedButton(
            onPressed: () {},
            child: Text('A bit Longer'),
          ),
          RaisedButton(
            onPressed: () {},
            child: Text('The Longest text button'),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  );
}
27.png
  • 想要三个元素一样宽
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('IntrinsicWidth')),
    body: Center(
      child: IntrinsicWidth(
        child: Column(
          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
          children: <Widget>[
            RaisedButton(
              onPressed: () {},
              child: Text('Short'),
            ),
            RaisedButton(
              onPressed: () {},
              child: Text('A bit Longer'),
            ),
            RaisedButton(
              onPressed: () {},
              child: Text('The Longest text button'),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
28.png

3. Stack

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  Widget main = Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Stack')),
  );

  return Stack(
    fit: StackFit.expand,
    children: <Widget>[
      main,
      Banner(
        message: "Top Start",
        location: BannerLocation.topStart,
      ),
      Banner(
        message: "Top End",
        location: BannerLocation.topEnd,
      ),
      Banner(
        message: "Bottom Start",
        location: BannerLocation.bottomStart,
      ),
      Banner(
        message: "Bottom End",
        location: BannerLocation.bottomEnd,
      ),
    ],
  );
}
29.png 
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Stack')),
    body: Stack(
      fit: StackFit.expand,
      children: <Widget>[
        Material(color: Colors.yellowAccent),
        Positioned(
          top: 0,
          left: 0,
          child: Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
        ),
        Positioned(
          top: 340,
          left: 250,
          child: Icon(Icons.call, size: 50),
        ),
      ],
    ),
  );
}
30.png

如果不想写具体的数值，可以使用LayoutBuilder

Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  const iconSize = 50;
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Stack with LayoutBuilder')),
    body: LayoutBuilder(
      builder: (context, constraints) =>
        Stack(
          fit: StackFit.expand,
          children: <Widget>[
            Material(color: Colors.yellowAccent),
            Positioned(
              top: 0,
              child: Icon(Icons.star, size: iconSize),
            ),
            Positioned(
              top: constraints.maxHeight - iconSize,
              left: constraints.maxWidth - iconSize,
              child: Icon(Icons.call, size: iconSize),
            ),
          ],
        ),
    ),
  );
}
31.png

4.Expanded

Row(
  children: <Widget>[
    Expanded(
      child: Container(
        decoration: const BoxDecoration(color: Colors.red),
      ),
      flex: 3,
    ),
    Expanded(
      child: Container(
        decoration: const BoxDecoration(color: Colors.green),
      ),
      flex: 2,
    ),
    Expanded(
      child: Container(
        decoration: const BoxDecoration(color: Colors.blue),
      ),
      flex: 1,
    ),
  ],
),
32.png

5.ConstrainedBox

默认情况所有的widgets都会占用最少的空间

Card(child: const Text('Hello World!'), color: Colors.yellow)
33.png

ConstrainedBox 允许widget根据需要使用空间

ConstrainedBox( 
  constraints: BoxConstraints.expand(),
  child: const Card(
    child: const Text('Hello World!'), 
    color: Colors.yellow,
  ), 
),
34.png 
ConstrainedBox(
  constraints: BoxConstraints.expand(height: 300),
  child: const Card(
    child: const Text('Hello World!'), 
    color: Colors.yellow,
  ),
),

等价于

ConstrainedBox(
  constraints: BoxConstraints(
    minWidth: double.infinity,
    maxWidth: double.infinity,
    minHeight: 300,
    maxHeight: 300,
  ),
  child: const Card(
    child: const Text('Hello World!'), 
    color: Colors.yellow,
  ),
),
35.png

6.Align

有时，您很难将我们的小部件设置为适当的大小，例如，当您不想执行以下操作时，它会不断拉伸：

Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Align: without Align')),
    body: Column(
      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
      children: <Widget>[
        Align(
          child: RaisedButton(
            onPressed: () {},
            child: const Text('Button'),
          ),
        ),
      ],
    ),
  );
}
36.png
例如，当您有一个Columnwith CrossAxisAlignment.stretch且只希望不拉伸按钮时，会发生上述情况：
37.png

7.Container

  • Container作为布局工具
    当你不指定height和width的Container，它将匹配它child的大小 
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Container as a layout')),
    body: Container(
      color: Colors.yellowAccent,
      child: Text("Hi"),
    ),
  );
}
38.png

如果您想拉伸Container使其与其父级匹配，请double.infinity对height和width属性使用

Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Container as a layout')),
    body: Container(
      height: double.infinity,
      width: double.infinity,
      color: Colors.yellowAccent,
      child: Text("Hi"),
    ),
  );
}
39.png
  • Container作为装饰
    您可以使用color属性来影响Container的背景除了decoration和foregroundDecoration。（使用这两个属性，您可以完全更改Container的外观，但是稍后将讨论不同的装饰，因为它是一个很大的话题）
    decoration始终位于child的后面，而foregroundDecoration 位于child的顶部     
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Container.decoration')),
    body: Container(
      height: double.infinity,
      width: double.infinity,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.yellowAccent),
      child: Text("Hi"),
    ),
  );
}
40.png 
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Container.foregroundDecoration')),
    body: Container(
      height: double.infinity,
      width: double.infinity,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.yellowAccent),
      foregroundDecoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.5),
      ),
      child: Text("Hi"),
    ),
  );
}
41.png
  • Container as Transform
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Container.transform')),
    body: Container(
      height: 300,
      width: 300,
      transform: Matrix4.rotationZ(pi / 4),
      decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.yellowAccent),
      child: Text(
        "Hi",
        textAlign: TextAlign.center,
      ),
    ),
  );
}
42.png
  • BoxDecoration
    BoxDecoration经常用在Container中，来改变外观
    image: DecorationImage 图片作为背景 
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('image: DecorationImage')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: Colors.yellow,
        image: DecorationImage(
          fit: BoxFit.fitWidth,
          image: NetworkImage(
            'https://flutter.io/images/catalog-widget-placeholder.png',
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
43.png
  • border: Border
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('border: Border')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: Colors.yellow,
        border: Border.all(color: Colors.black, width: 3),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
44.png
  • borderRadius: BorderRadius
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('borderRadius: BorderRadius')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: Colors.yellow,
        border: Border.all(color: Colors.black, width: 3),
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(18)),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
45.png
  • shape: BoxShape
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('shape: BoxShape')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: Colors.yellow,
        shape: BoxShape.circle,
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
46.png
  • boxShadow: List<BoxShadow>
    数组内可添加多个阴影参数，最后叠加到一起 
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('boxShadow: List<BoxShadow>')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: Colors.yellow,
        boxShadow: const [
          BoxShadow(blurRadius: 10),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
47.png

8.gradient

  • LinearGradient
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('gradient: LinearGradient')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        gradient: LinearGradient(
          colors: const [
            Colors.red,
            Colors.blue,
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
48.png
  • RadialGradient
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('gradient: RadialGradient')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        gradient: RadialGradient(
          colors: const [Colors.yellow, Colors.blue],
          stops: const [0.4, 1.0],
        ),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
49.png
  • SweepGradient
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('gradient: SweepGradient')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        gradient: SweepGradient(
          colors: const [
            Colors.blue,
            Colors.green,
            Colors.yellow,
            Colors.red,
            Colors.blue,
          ],
          stops: const [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0],
        ),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
50.png

9.backgroundBlendMode

它负责的颜色/渐变混合在一起

Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('backgroundBlendMode')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      height: 200,
      width: 200,
      foregroundDecoration: BoxDecoration(
        backgroundBlendMode: BlendMode.exclusion,
        gradient: LinearGradient(
          colors: const [
            Colors.red,
            Colors.blue,
          ],
        ),
      ),
      child: Image.network(
        'https://flutter.io/images/catalog-widget-placeholder.png',
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
51.png

backgroundBlendMode does not affect only the Container it’s located in.
backgroundBlendMode changes the color of anything that is up the widget tree from the Container.
The following code has a parent Container that draws an image and child Container that uses backgroundBlendMode. Still, you would get the same effect as previously.

Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('backgroundBlendMode')),
  body: Center(
    child: Container(
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        image: DecorationImage(
          image: NetworkImage(
            'https://flutter.io/images/catalog-widget-placeholder.png',
          ),
        ),
      ),
      child: Container(
        height: 200,
        width: 200,
        foregroundDecoration: BoxDecoration(
          backgroundBlendMode: BlendMode.exclusion,
          gradient: LinearGradient(
            colors: const [
              Colors.red,
              Colors.blue,
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
52.png

10.Material

Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('shape: BeveledRectangleBorder')),
  body: Center(
    child: Material(
      shape: const BeveledRectangleBorder(
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(20)),
        side: BorderSide(color: Colors.black, width: 4),
      ),
      color: Colors.yellow,
      child: Container(
        height: 200,
        width: 200,
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
53.png

11.Slivers

  • SliverFillRemaining
    当您想要使内容居中时，即使没有足够的空间，此小部件也无法替代
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('SliverFillRemaining')),
  body: CustomScrollView(
    slivers: [
      SliverFillRemaining(
        hasScrollBody: false,
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: const [
            FlutterLogo(size: 200),
            Text(
              'This is some longest text that should be centered'
              'together with the logo',
              textAlign: TextAlign.center,
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
);
54.png

如果没有足够的空间来放置居中内容，SliverFillRemaining它将变为可滚动：


55.png

如果不是SliverFillRemaining，内容将像这样溢出


56.png
  • Filling the remaining space
    Apart from being useful for centering your content, SliverFillRemaining will fill the remainings viewport’s free space. To do that this widget has to be placed in CustomScrollView and needs to be the last sliver
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(title: Text('SliverFillRemaining')),
  body: CustomScrollView(
    slivers: [
      SliverList(
        delegate: SliverChildListDelegate(const [
          ListTile(title: Text('First item')),
          ListTile(title: Text('Second item')),
          ListTile(title: Text('Third item')),
          ListTile(title: Text('Fourth item')),
        ]),
      ),
      SliverFillRemaining(
        hasScrollBody: false,
        child: Container(
          color: Colors.yellowAccent,
          child: Column(
            mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
            children: const [
              FlutterLogo(size: 200),
              Text(
                'This is some longest text that should be centered'
                'together with the logo',
                textAlign: TextAlign.center,
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
);
57.png

In case there is not enough space, the widget becomes scrollable:


58.png

12.SizedBox

  • SizedBox as ConstrainedBox
SizedBox.expand(
  child: Card(
    child: Text('Hello World!'),
    color: Colors.yellowAccent,
  ),
),
59.png
  • SizedBox as padding
Column(
  children: <Widget>[
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    const SizedBox(height: 100),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
    Icon(Icons.star, size: 50),
  ],
),
60.png
  • SizedBox as an Invisible Object
    Because SizedBox has a const constructor, using const SizedBox() is really cheap**.
    ** One cheaper solution would be to use Opacity widget and change the opacity value to 0.0 . The drawback of this solution is that the given widget would be only invisible, still would occupy the space.
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  bool isVisible = ...
  return Scaffold(
    appBar: AppBar(
      title: Text('isVisible = $isVisible'),
    ),
    body: isVisible 
      ? Icon(Icons.star, size: 150) 
      : const SizedBox(),
  );
}
61.png 62.png

13.SafeArea

Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Material(
    color: Colors.blue,
    child: SafeArea(
      child: SizedBox.expand(
        child: Card(color: Colors.yellowAccent),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
63.png 64.png

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