头文件相关   

    _beginthread    process.h

    HANDLE          windows.h

线程创建相关

（1）用_beginthreadex创建线程：

    unsigned long _beginthreadex（void * security，unsigned stack_size，unsigned（__stdcall *start_address）（void*），void* arglist，unsigned initflag，unsigned * thrdaddr）；

参数：1、安全属性，NULL表示默认安全属性

2、指定线程堆栈的大小。一般用0，0表示线程堆栈的大小和创建它的线程相同。

3、指定线程函数的地址，用函数名。线程函数一般不能为类的普通成员函数，可以是静态成员函数。

4、传递给线程的指针。用于线程函数

5、线程的初始状态。0表示立刻执行，CREATE_SUSPEND表示悬挂。

6、线程ID的地址。

（2）因为_beginthreadex和_endthreadex是CRT线程函数，所以必须注意编译选项runtimelibaray的选择，使用MT或MTD。[MultiThreaded , Debug MultiThreaded]。

（3）_beginthreadex是一个C运行时库的函数，CreateThread是一个系统API函 数，_beginthreadex内部调用了CreateThread。因为_beginthreadex在内部调用了CreateThread，在调用之前_beginthreadex做了很多的工作，从而使得它比CreateThread更安全。

线程返回相关：       

a）线程函数返回；（最佳选择）       

b）线程通过调用ExitThread函数“杀死”自己（尽量不用）；杀死主线程         

调用_endthreadex销毁线程，不要用ExitThread           

VOID ExitThread（DWORD dwExitCode）；        //参数表明将线程的退出代码设为什么（c/c++不要用，数据块不会被销毁，会导致内存泄露）

HANDLE和线程相关   

CloseHandel(ThreadHandle );只是关闭了一个线程句柄对象，表示不再使用该句柄，即不对这个句柄对应的线程做任何干预了。并没有结束线程。在确定之后不会再使用这个句柄的时候就可以close。   

句柄和线程的生命周期不同。

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最简单的代码：

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#include "stdafx.h"

#include <Windows.h>

#include <process.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

class ThreadX{

public:

ThreadX(int start,int end,int dis)

{

loopStart = start;

loopEnd = end;

dispFrequency = dis;

}

static unsigned __stdcall ThreadStaticEntryPoint(void* pThis)

{

ThreadX* pthx = (ThreadX*)pThis;

pthx->ThreadEntryPoint();

return 1;

}

void ThreadEntryPoint()

{

for(int i=loopStart;i<=loopEnd;++i)

{

if (i%dispFrequency == 0)

{

printf("%s:i = %d.\n",threadName.c_str(),i);

}

}

printf("%s thread terminating.\n",threadName.c_str());

}

string threadName;

private:

int loopStart;

int loopEnd;

int dispFrequency;

};

unsigned __stdcall ThreadFunction3(void* pThis)

{

int j = (int)pThis;

printf("This is thread_3.\n");

return 1;

}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])

{

HANDLE hMutex;

ThreadX* o1 = new ThreadX(0,1,2000);

HANDLE hth1;

unsigned uiThreadID1;

hth1 = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,ThreadX::ThreadStaticEntryPoint,o1,CREATE_SUSPENDED,&uiThreadID1);

if (hth1 == NULL)

{

printf("Failed to create thread.\n");

}

DWORD dwExitCode;

GetExitCodeThread(hth1,&dwExitCode);

printf("initial thread_1 exit code = %u.\n",dwExitCode);

o1->threadName = "thread_2";

ThreadX* o2 = new ThreadX(0,1,2000);

HANDLE hth2;

unsigned uiThreadID2;

hth2 = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,ThreadX::ThreadStaticEntryPoint,o2,CREATE_SUSPENDED,&uiThreadID2);

if (hth1 == NULL)

{

printf("Failed to create thread_2.\n");

}

GetExitCodeThread(hth2,&dwExitCode);

printf("initial thread_2 exit code = %u.\n",dwExitCode);

o2->threadName = "thread_2";

ResumeThread(hth1);

ResumeThread(hth2);

WaitForSingleObject(hth1,INFINITE);

WaitForSingleObject(hth2,INFINITE);

GetExitCodeThread(hth1,&dwExitCode);

printf("initial thread_1 exit code = %u.\n",dwExitCode);

GetExitCodeThread(hth2,&dwExitCode);

printf("initial thread_2 exit code = %u.\n",dwExitCode);

CloseHandle(hth1);

CloseHandle(hth2);

delete o1;

o1 = NULL;

delete o2;

o2 = NULL;

int j = 2;

HANDLE hth3;

unsigned uiThreadID3;

hth3 = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,ThreadFunction3,(void*)j,CREATE_SUSPENDED,&uiThreadID3);

if (hth3 == NULL)

{

printf("Failed to create thread.\n");

}

GetExitCodeThread(hth2,&dwExitCode);

ResumeThread(hth3);

WaitForSingleObject(hth3,INFINITE);

CloseHandle(hth3);

printf("Primary thread terminating.\n");

return 0;

}

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