近年来，一些国家和地区（比如北欧的芬兰、我国的澳门等）会直接给居民发钱，希望能改善民生并在一定程度上刺激经济。那么，此类措施有什么利弊呢？
Will "universal basic income" work?
by Adam Beam
Since February, Susie Garza has been getting $500 a month from a nonprofit in Stockton, California. She can spend the money however she wants. She uses $150 of it to pay for her cellphone and another $100 or so to pay off her dog's veterinarian（兽医） bills. She spends the rest on her two grandsons now that she can afford to buy them birthday presents online and let them get the big bag of chips at the 7-Eleven.
nonprofit /ˌnɒnˈprɒfɪt/ n. 非营利组织（由profit加上表示否定的前缀non-）
California /ˌkælɪˈfɔːniə/ n. 加利福尼亚（美国西部的州）
however /ˌhaʊˈevə(r)/ adv. 不管怎样、无论怎样
cellphone /ˈselfəʊn/ n. 手机
pay off 还清某项欠款
now that 既然
chip /tʃɪp/ n. 薯条、薯片
7-Eleven 是一家连锁便利店
Garza is part of an experiment testing the impact of "universal basic income," an old idea getting new life thanks to the 2020 presidential race, although Stockton's project is an independent one and has no connection to any presidential race.
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 影响
universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːs(ə)l/ adj. 普遍适用的
income /ˈɪnkʌm/ n. 收入
presidential /ˌprezɪˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj. 总统的（由president加后缀-ial变成形容词）
race /reɪs/ n. 竞赛、竞选
project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ n. 项目
independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的
connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ n. 联系、关联
Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang, a tech entrepreneur, has anchored his longshot bid with a proposal to give $1,000 in cash to every American every month, saying the payments will shield workers from the pain of certain job losses caused by automation（自动化）. The idea has helped him win unexpected support and even muscle out some better-known candidates from the debate stages.
Democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ adj. 民主党的
candidate /ˈkændɪdeɪt/ n. 候选人
entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ n. 企业家
anchor /ˈæŋkə(r)/ v. 锚定、使基于
longshot /ˈlɒŋˌʃɒt/ n. 成功的希望很渺茫的人或事物
bid /bɪd/ n. 努力、尝试
proposal /prəˈpəʊz(ə)l/ n. 提议
payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ n. 付款、支付的钱款
shield /ʃiːld/ v. 保护
job loss 失业
cause /kɔːz/ v. 造成、导致
muscle /ˈmʌs(ə)l/ v. （在人群中）挤开（别人）
debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ n. 辩论（这里指总统候选人之间的辩论）
Yang's proposal isn't too far off from one by U.S. Senator Kamala Harris, one of the top contenders for the Democratic nomination, who has a proposal to give up to $500 a month to working families.★
senator /ˈsenətə(r)/ n. 参议员（U.S. Senator指美国的国会参议员，而不是某个州的参议员）
contender /kənˈtendə(r)/ n. 竞争者、角逐者
nomination /ˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 提名
★ 这句话的后半句，要在give和up之间断句，up to连在一起，意思是“最多可达”
Stockton, once known as the foreclosure capital of the country and for one of the nation's largest municipal bankruptcies, is a step ahead of both candidates. In February, the city launched a pilot program financed in part by the nonprofit led by Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes. The city chose 125 people who live in census tracts at or below the city's median（中位的） household income of $46,033. They get the money on a debit card on the 15th of each month.
foreclosure /fɔːˈkləʊʒə(r)/ n. 指按揭买房以后，因为无力还贷导致房子被银行收走拍卖
nation /ˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 国家
municipal /mjuːˈnɪsɪp(ə)l/ adj. 市镇的
bankruptcy /ˈbæŋkrəptsi/ n. 破产（美国的地方政府是可以破产的，每次经济危机都有一批地方政府破产）
launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. 启动、使开始
pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ adj. 试验性的
program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n. 计划、方案
finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ v. 出资
in part 部分地
co- 前缀，意思是共同
founder /ˈfaʊndə(r)/ n. 创办人（由found加上表示人的后缀-er）
census /ˈsensəs/ n. 人口普查
tract /trækt/ n. 片区
household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ n. 家庭
debit /ˈdebɪt/ card 借记卡、储蓄卡
Stockton residents were skeptical, worried about encouraging people not to work. Michael Tubbs, the city's 29-year-old Democratic mayor, said he calmed their fears by noting the money came from private donations, not taxpayer dollars.
resident /ˈrezɪd(ə)nt/ n. 居民
skeptical /ˈskeptɪk(ə)l/ adj. 持怀疑态度的
mayor /meə(r)/ n. 市长
calm /kɑːm/ v. 使平静
donation /dəʊˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 捐款、捐赠（由donate加后缀-ion变成名词）
taxpayer /ˈtæksˌpeɪə(r)/ n. 纳税人（由tax和payer组成）
The idea of a guaranteed income dates back to at least the 18th century and has crossed ideological and cultural lines.
guarantee /ˌɡær(ə)nˈtiː/ v. 确保、保证
date back 追溯
ideological /ˌaɪdiəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj. 意识形态的
line /laɪn/ n. 分界线
In the 1960s and 1970s, Republicans Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney oversaw four guaranteed-income experiments scattered across the country when Rumsfeld, later a defense secretary, was director of President Richard Nixon's Office of Economic Opportunity and Cheney, the future vice president, was his deputy. They concluded that the money did not stop people from working.
Republican /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/ n. 共和党人
oversee /ˌəʊvəˈsiː/ v. 组织管理
scatter /ˈskætə(r)/ v. 散落、零星分布
defense secretary 国防部长
economic /ˌekəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的
opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会、机遇
vice president 副总统
deputy /ˈdepjuti/ n. 副手
conclude /kənˈkluːd/ v. 下结论
Since then, other studies have reached similar conclusions. But there's the question of how to pay for it. Stockton's program will cost just over $1.1 million for 18 months. Harris' plan, which covers working families making up to $100,000 annually, would cost about $275 billion per year.★ Yang's plan, which covers every adult in the United States, would cost $2.8 trillion per year.
reach /riːtʃ/ v. 达成
conclusion /kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n/ n. 结论
annually /ˈænjuəli/ adv. 每年地（由annual加后缀-ly变成副词）
billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿
★ 这句话的前半句，同样要在making和up之间断句，up to连在一起。
trillion /ˈtrɪljən/ n. 万亿
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