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c++cairo实现实现L文法系统

c++cairo实现实现L文法系统

作者: 一路向后 | 来源:发表于2024-05-25 22:03 被阅读0次

    1.turtle.h

    #ifndef _TURTLE_H_
    #define _TURTLE_H_
    
    #include <vector>
    
    class CairoInner;
    
    class Turtle {
    public:
        Turtle();
        ~Turtle();
    
        void start(const std::vector<float> &A);
        void restore(std::vector<float> &A);
        void get_point(std::vector<float> &A);
    
        void forward(int L);
        void go(int L);
        void left(float angle);
        void right(float angle);
    
        void drawend();
    
        void resize(int with, int height);
    
        void setColor(int r, int g, int b, int a);
        void setPenWidth(int w);
    
        void save(const char *path);
    
    private:
        CairoInner *inner;
        float P[3];
        int wt;
        int ht;
    };
    
    #endif
    

    2.turtle.cpp

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <math.h>
    #include <cairo.h>
    #include "turtle.h"
    
    class CairoInner {
    public:
        CairoInner();
        ~CairoInner();
    
        cairo_surface_t *surface;
            cairo_t *cr;
    };
    
    Turtle::Turtle()
    {
        inner = new CairoInner();
    
        if(inner != NULL)
        {
            
        }
    }
    
    Turtle::~Turtle()
    {
        if(inner != NULL)
        {
            if(inner->cr != NULL)
            {
                cairo_destroy(inner->cr);
    
                inner->cr = NULL;
            }
    
            delete inner;
    
            inner = NULL;
        }
    }
    
    void Turtle::start(const std::vector<float> &A)
    {
        P[0] = A[0];
        P[1] = A[1];
        P[2] = A[2];
    
        cairo_move_to(inner->cr, P[0], ht-P[1]);
    }
    
    void Turtle::restore(std::vector<float> &A)
    {
        P[0] = A[0];
        P[1] = A[1];
        P[2] = A[2];
    }
    
    void Turtle::get_point(std::vector<float> &A)
    {
        A[0] = P[0];
        A[1] = P[1];
        A[2] = P[2];
    }
    
    
    void Turtle::setColor(int r, int g, int b, int a)
    {
        double r2 = (double)r / 255;
        double g2 = (double)g / 255;
        double b2 = (double)b / 255;
        double a2 = (double)a / 255;
    
        if(r2 > 1.0)
        {
            r2 = 1.0;
        }
    
        if(g2 > 1.0)
        {
            g2 = 1.0;
        }
    
        if(b2 > 1.0)
        {
            b2 = 1.0;
        }
    
        if(a2 > 1.0)
        {
            a2 = 1.0;
        }
    
        cairo_set_source_rgba(inner->cr,r2,g2,b2,a2);
    }
    
    void Turtle::setPenWidth(int w)
    {
        cairo_set_line_width(inner->cr, w);
    }
    
    void Turtle::save(const char *path)
    {
        cairo_surface_write_to_png(inner->surface, path);
    }
    
    void Turtle::resize(int width, int height)
    {
        inner->surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height);
        inner->cr = cairo_create(inner->surface);
    
        wt = width;
        ht = height;
    }
    
    void Turtle::forward(int L)
    {
        float x1 = P[0] + L * cos(P[2]*M_PI/180);
        float y1 = P[1] + L * sin(P[2]*M_PI/180);
    
        cairo_line_to(inner->cr, x1, ht-y1);
    
        P[0] = x1;
        P[1] = y1;
    }
    
    void Turtle::go(int L)
    {
        float x1 = P[0] + L * cos(P[2]*M_PI/180);
        float y1 = P[1] + L * sin(P[2]*M_PI/180);
    
        P[0] = x1;
        P[1] = y1;
    }
    
    void Turtle::left(float angle)
    {
        P[2] += angle;
    }
    
    void Turtle::right(float angle)
    {
        P[2] -= angle;
    }
    
    void Turtle::drawend()
    {
        cairo_stroke(inner->cr);
    }
    
    CairoInner::CairoInner()
    {
        surface = NULL;
        cr = NULL;
    }
    
    CairoInner::~CairoInner()
    {
        surface = NULL;
        cr = NULL;
    }
    

    3.lsystem.h

    #ifndef _L_SYSTEM_H_
    #define _L_SYSTEM_H_
    
    #include <string>
    #include <map>
    
    class Turtle;
    
    struct LSRule {
        float angle;
        std::string axiom;
        std::vector<std::string> P;
    };
    
    class LSystem {
    public:
        LSystem(Turtle *turtle);
        ~LSystem();
    
        void run(const LSRule &LS, const std::vector<float> &A, int L, int n);
    
    private:
        std::map<char, std::string> plot_v;
        Turtle *m_turtle;
    };
    
    #endif
    

    4.lsystem.cpp

    #include <iostream>
    #include <stack>
    #include "turtle.h"
    #include "lsystem.h"
    
    using namespace std;
    
    LSystem::LSystem(Turtle *turtle)
    {
        m_turtle = turtle;
    
        plot_v = {
            std::pair<char, std::string>('F', "Move forward by line length drawing a line"),
            std::pair<char, std::string>('f', "Move forward by line length without drawing a line"),
            std::pair<char, std::string>('+', "Turn left by turning angle"),
            std::pair<char, std::string>('-', "Turn right by turning angle"),
            std::pair<char, std::string>('[', "push"),
            std::pair<char, std::string>(']', "pop")
        };
    }
    
    LSystem::~LSystem()
    {
        m_turtle = NULL;
    }
    
    void LSystem::run(const LSRule &LS, const std::vector<float> &A, int L, int n)
    {
        float angle = LS.angle;
        std::string axiom = LS.axiom;
        std::vector<std::string> P = LS.P;
        int i = 0;
        std::string new_str = axiom;
    
        while(i < n)
        {
            std::string s;
    
            for(char alpha : new_str)
            {
                int k = 0;
    
                for(std::string rule : P)
                {
                    int pos = rule.find("->");
    
                    if(pos != std::string::npos)
                    {
                        std::string origin = rule.substr(0, pos);
                        std::string desti = rule.substr(pos+2, rule.length()-pos-2);
    
                        if(alpha == origin[0])
                        {
                            if(desti != "")
                            {
                                s.append(desti);
                            }
    
                            k = 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
    
                if(k == 0)
                {
                    s.push_back(alpha);
                }
            }
    
            new_str = s;
    
            std::cout << new_str << std::endl;
    
            i++;
        }
    
        m_turtle->start(A);
    
        std::stack<std::vector<float>> s;
        std::vector<float> c;
    
        c.resize(3);
    
        for(char alpha : new_str)
        {
            if(plot_v.find(alpha) == plot_v.end())
            {
                continue;
            }
    
            if(alpha == 'F')
            {
                m_turtle->forward(L);
            }
            else if(alpha == 'f')
            {
                m_turtle->go(L);
            }
            else if(alpha == '+')
            {
                m_turtle->left(angle);
            }
            else if(alpha == '-')
            {
                m_turtle->right(angle);
            }
            else if(alpha == '[')
            {
                m_turtle->get_point(c);
                s.push(c);
            }
            else if(alpha == ']')
            {
                c = s.top();
                s.pop();
                m_turtle->restore(c);
            }
        }
    
        m_turtle->drawend();
    }
    
    int main()
    {
        LSRule LS = {45, "FX", {"F->", "Y->+FX--FY+", "X->-FX++FY-"}};
        Turtle turtle;
        LSystem lsys(&turtle);
        std::vector<float> A = {300, 450, 0};
    
        turtle.resize(800, 800);
    
        turtle.setColor(0, 255, 255, 255);
        turtle.setPenWidth(1);
    
        lsys.run(LS, A, 10, 10);
    
        turtle.save("2.png");
    
        return 0;
    }
    

    5.编译源码

    $ g++ -o example turtle.cpp lsystem.cpp -std=c++11 -I/opt/apps/cairo/include -I/opt/apps/cairo/include/cairo -L/opt/apps/cairo/lib -lcairo -Wl,-rpath=/opt/apps/cairo/lib
    

    6.运行结果

    2.png

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