前言
文件上传是项目开发中最常见的功能。为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器。 设置了enctype为multipart/form-data,浏览器才会采用二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,而对于文件上传的处理则涉及在服务器端解析原始的HTTP响应。下面我们来学习使用SpringMVC框架完成文件的上传以及下载。
单文件上传
Spring MVC为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是用即插即用的MultipartResolver实现的。Spring MVC使用Apache Commons FileUpload技术实现了一个MultipartResolver实现类:CommonsMultipartResolver。因此,SpringMVC的文件上传还需要依赖 Apache Commons FileUpload 的组件。
1、引入Apache Commons FileUpload组件的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
</dependency>
2、springmvc.xml配置CommonsMultipartResolver
<!-- 配置CommonsMultipartResolver bean,id必须是multipartResolver -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- 处理文件名中文乱码 -->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<!-- 设置多文件上传,总大小上限,不设置默认没有限制,单位为字节,1M=1*1024*1024 -->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="41943040"/>
<!-- 设置每个上传文件的大小上限 -->
<property name="maxUploadSizePerFile" value="1048576"/>
</bean>
<!-- 设置异常解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"/>
</bean>
3、编写业务方法
将MultipartFile对象作为参数,接收前端发送过来的文件,并编写上传逻辑
@RequestMapping(value="/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(@RequestParam(value="image")MultipartFile image, HttpServletRequest request)
throws Exception {
//获取保存上传文件的upload文件夹绝对路径
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("upload");
//判断upload文件夹是否存在,不存在新建文件夹
File directory = new File(path);
if (!directory.exists()){
directory.mkdir();
}
//getSize()方法获取文件的大小来判断是否有上传文件
if (image.getSize() > 0) {
//获取上传文件名
String fileName = image.getOriginalFilename();
File file = new File(path, fileName);
image.transferTo(file);
//保存上传之后的文件路径
request.setAttribute("filePath", "upload/"+fileName);
return "upload";
}
return "error";
}
4、创建upload.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>测试单文件上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="image">
<input type="submit" name="提交">
</form><br />
<c:if test="${filePath!=null }">
<h1>上传的图片</h1><br />
<img width="300px" src="<%=basePath %>${filePath}"/>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
注意:必须将表单的method设置为POST(GET请求只会将文件名传给后台),input的type设置为file,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。
如果上传成功,返回当前页面,展示上传成功的图片,这里需要使用JSTL标签进行判断。JSP标准标签库(JSTL)是一个JSP标签集合,它封装了JSP应用的通用核心功能。
在pom文件中引入JSTL依赖。
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
5、运行
image
多文件上传
1、编写业务方法
@RequestMapping(value="/uploads", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String uploads(@RequestParam(value="images") MultipartFile[] images, HttpServletRequest request)
throws Exception {
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("upload");
File directory = new File(path);
if (!directory.exists()){
directory.mkdir();
}
//创建集合,保存上传后的文件路径
List<String> filePaths = new ArrayList<String>();
System.out.println(images);
for (MultipartFile image : images) {
if (image.getSize() > 0) {
String fileName = image.getOriginalFilename();
File file = new File(path, fileName);
filePaths.add("upload/"+fileName);
image.transferTo(file);
}
}
request.setAttribute("filePaths", filePaths);
return "uploads";
}
2、创建uploads.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>测试多文件上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="uploads" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
文件1:  <input type="file" name="images"><br/>
文件2:  <input type="file" name="images"><br/>
文件3:  <input type="file" name="images"><br/>
<input type="submit" name="提交">
</form>
<c:if test="${filePaths!=null }">
<h1>上传的图片</h1><br />
<c:forEach items="${filePaths }" var="filePaths">
<img width="300px" src="<%=basePath %>${filePaths}"/>
</c:forEach>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
3、运行
image
文件下载
1、编写业务方法
@RequestMapping("/download")
public void downloadFile(String fileName,HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
if(fileName!=null){
//获取file绝对路径
String realPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("upload/");
File file = new File(realPath,fileName);
OutputStream out = null;
if(file.exists()){
//设置下载完毕不打开文件
response.setContentType("application/force-download");
//设置文件名
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+fileName);
try {
out = response.getOutputStream();
out.write(FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file));
out.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(out != null){
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
2、创建download.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>测试文件下载</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="download?fileName=logo.jpg">下载图片</a>
</body>
</html>
3、运行
image
源码
链接:
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ODnsGs4mBUFaUxgYEwCLqg
提取码:6rjh
image
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