fmt：现代的 C++ 字符串格式化库，实现了 C++20 的特

fmt 是一个先进的文本格式库，具有现代语言的特征，用来代替 C 的 stdio 和 C++ iostreams。实现了 C++20 的 std::format 标准。fmt 基于 CMakeLists.txt 开发，引入到项目中非常简单。

通过 FetchContent 引入项目

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
project(fmt-sample)
include(FetchContent)

FetchContent_Declare(fmt
        URL https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/archive/refs/tags/8.0.1.tar.gz)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(fmt)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} fmt)

格式化输出

#include <fmt/core.h>

int main() {
  fmt::print("Hello, world!\n");
}

格式字符串

std::string s = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
// s == "The answer is 42."

保留2位小数

std::string s = fmt::format("The answer is {:.2f}", 1.12345678);
// s == "The answer is 1.12"

使用位置参数

std::string s = fmt::format("I'd rather be {1} than {0}.", "right", "happy");
// s == "I'd rather be happy than right."

使用别名参数

fmt::print("Hello, {name}! The answer is {number}. Goodbye, {name}.",
           fmt::arg("name", "World"), fmt::arg("number", 42));

时间格式化

#include <fmt/chrono.h>

int main() {
  using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
  fmt::print("Default format: {} {}\n", 42s, 100ms);
  fmt::print("strftime-like format: {:%H:%M:%S}\n", 3h + 15min + 30s);
}

输出列表

#include <vector>
#include <fmt/ranges.h>

int main() {
  std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
  fmt::print("{}\n", v);
}

输出到文件

#include <fmt/os.h>

int main() {
  auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
  out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
}

输出带颜色到控制台

#include <fmt/color.h>

int main() {
  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
             "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
             fmt::emphasis::underline, "Hello, {}!\n", "мир");
  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
             "Hello, {}!\n", "世界");
}

测试示例

https://github.com/taoweiji/cpp-cmake-example/tree/master/fmt-sample