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学术论文写作——Introducing Work《1》

学术论文写作——Introducing Work《1》

作者: wendy云泽 | 来源:发表于2019-08-05 16:40 被阅读0次

该系列参考网址:http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/introducing-work/

本人英文比较差,无奈老板让投sci,无意发现了这个网站,对第一次英文写作帮助很大,稍微把网站内容翻译并简述了下,自用也分享给大家,转载或引用请注明出处。

Introducing Work

介绍学术论文或短文有很多种方法。然而,大多数在简介中做了以下一件或多件事:

1.确定主题的内容、背景和重要性

2.提出该领域现有的问题或争议

3.定义本文专题以及关键术语

4.陈述本文目的

5.概述本文结果

稍微没那么复杂的简介就是简单地告诉读者:主题是什么,为什么它是重要的,以及本文结构。更为简单地只需说明写作目的,但这在学术论文中并不常见。

与正文的其他部分相比,Introductions相对较短,但在功能要素(functional elements)更为复杂。通常这些基本元素包括:

确定专题的内容,背景及重要性

 简要回顾相关学术文献

 找出研究领域中的问题、争议或知识差距

 说明研究目的和研究问题或假设

 提供研究设计和方法的概要。

 解释研究的意义或价值

定义某些关键术语

概述论文或报告结构

以下是写作时可用的一些例句,简单列了一些,更多例句请点击参考网址查看

目录:1.对世界或社会的重要性;2.对学科的重要性;3.给定时间框架(如近年来),本研究如何如何;4.要解决的问题;5,现有研究;6先前研究的不足;7.研究的缺乏

1.对世界或社会的重要性

X is fundamental to … (X是…的基础)

X has a pivotal role in …(X在…中起着关键作用)

X is fast becoming a key instrument in …(X正迅速成为…的主要手段)

X plays a critical role in the maintenance of …(在维护……的过程中,X起着至关重要的作用。)

Xs have emerged as powerful platforms for …(X们已经成为…强大的平台)

X can play an important role in addressing the issue of …(X可以在解决…问题上发挥重要作用)

Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known.(XS是已知的最有效的抗炎剂。)

There is evidence that X plays a crucial role in regulating …(有证据表明X在调节…中起着至关重要的作用)

In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for …(在新的全球经济中,X已经成为…的核心问题)

Evidence suggests that X is among the most important factors for …(有证据表明X是…最重要的因素之一)

There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of …(有越来越多的文献认识到……)

X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y.(X是气候系统中的重要组成部分,在Y中起着重要的作用。)

In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in …(在发展经济学史上,X被认为是…中的一个关键因素。)

2.对学科的重要性

A key aspect of X is … (X的一个关键方面是……)

X is of interest because …(对X感兴趣是因为…)

X is a classic problem in …(X是…中的一个典型问题。)

A primary concern of X is …(对X的主要关注是…)

X is a dominant feature of …(X是…的一个主要特征)

X is an important aspect of …(X是……的一个重要方面。)

X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. (X是应用语言学中日益重要的领域。)

The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.(X的问题受到了相当大的重视。)

X has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. (长期以来,X一直是一个在广泛领域引起极大兴趣的问题。)

3.本专题的重要性(给定的时间框架)

Recently, there has been renewed interest in …(最近,对…重新产生了兴趣。)

One of the most important events of the 1970s was …(1970年代最重要的事件之一是…)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in …(近年来,人们对…越来越感兴趣。)

Recent developments in X have heightened the need for …(X最近的发展增加了对…的需求)

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in … (最近,研究人员对…的兴趣增加……)

Recent trends in X have led to a proliferation of studies that … (X最近的发展趋势导致了大量的…研究)

In light of recent events in X, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of … (鉴于X中最近发生的事件,忽略…的存在变得非常困难)

Since it was reported in 2005, X has been attracting a lot of interest. (自2005年报告以来,X一直在吸引大量的兴趣。)

4.需要解决的问题

One of the main obstacles …(主要障碍之一……)

A key issue is the safe disposal of … (一个关键的问题是…的安全处置。)

The main disadvantage of X is that … (X的主要缺点是)

X impacts negatively upon a range of … (X对一系列…产生负面影响)

X is a common disorder characterised by …(X是一种常见的疾病,以…为特征。)

It is now well established that X can impair … (现在已经很好地确定了X会削弱……)

There is an urgent need to address the safety problems caused by … (迫切需要解决…造成的安全问题。)

Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years. (X的缺乏已经作为一个健康问题存在了很多年了。)

X is one of the most frequently stated problems with … (X是…中最常见的问题之一)

The main challenge faced by many researchers is the …(许多研究人员面临的主要挑战是…。)

X is a growing public health concern worldwide. (X是全世界日益关注的公共卫生问题。)

5.已有工作

Recent evidence suggests that …(最近的证据表明…)

Extensive research has shown that … (广泛的研究表明)

Studies of X show the importance of …(X的研究表明了…的重要性)

Several attempts have been made to … (已对…进行了多次尝试)

Previous research has established that …(之前的研究已经证实了…)

It is now well established from a variety of studies, that …(大量研究证明……)

Existing research recognises the critical role played by … (现有的研究认识到……)

The existing body of research on X suggests that … (The existing body of research on X suggests that …)

6.解释先前研究的不足

Previous studies of X have not dealt with … 以前对X的研究还没有涉及到…

Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …(这样的论述令人不满意,因为它们是…的。)

Most studies in the field of X have only focused on … (X领域的研究大多集中在…上。)

Smith’s analysis does not take account of …, nor does she examine … (史密斯的分析没有考虑到…,她也不检查…)

Such approaches, however, have failed to address … (然而,这些方法未能解决…问题。)

However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature …(然而,到目前为止,大部分的研究都是对自然界…的描述性的。)

Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists

which …(虽然已经对X进行了广泛的研究,但是没有单一的…研究。)

However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is

unclear if …(然而,这些结果基于30多年前的数据,如果……它是不清楚的。)

7.研究的缺乏

No previous study has investigated X. (之前的研究尚未对X进行过调查。)

The use of X has not been investigated. (未对X的使用进行调查。)

There has been no detailed investigation of …(没有详细的调查……)

There has been little quantitative analysis of …(对……进行了少量的定量分析。)

Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to … (到目前为止,人们对…的关注实在太少了。)

While /Whilst/Although,some research has been carried out on X,no single study exists which …

no studies have been found which …/no controlled studies have been reported./only two studies have attempted to

investigate …/there have been few empirical investigations into(尽管如此,已经对X进行了一些研究,没有单一的…研究/还没有研究发现哪一种…/没有对照研究报告/只有两项研究试图调查…/很少有经验性的研究)

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