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Kevin Learn Android:LeakCanary 工

Kevin Learn Android:LeakCanary 工

作者: Kevin_小飞象 | 来源:发表于2021-11-30 09:08 被阅读0次
    每日一图.jpg

    简介

    使用 MAT 来分析内存问题,有一些门槛,会有一些难度,并且效率也不是很高,对于一个内存泄漏问题,可能要进行多次排查和对比才能找到问题的原因。为了能简单迅速的发现内存泄漏,Square 公司基于 MAT 开源了 LeakCanary

    使用

    1. 在 app/build.gradle 中加入引用:
    dependencies {
        //在 debug 版本中才会实现真正的功能
        debugImplementation 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.5.4'
        //在 release 版本中为空实现
        releaseImplementation 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.5.4'
    }
    
    1. 在 Application 中:
    public class MyApplication extends Application {
        private RefWatcher mRefWatcher;
    
        @Override
        public void onCreate() {
            super.onCreate();
            mRefWatcher = setupLeakCanary();
        }
    
        private RefWatcher setupLeakCanary(){
            if (LeakCanary.isInAnalyzerProcess(this)) {
                return mRefWatcher.DISABLED;
            }
            return LeakCanary.install(this);
        }
    
        public static RefWatcher getRefWatcher(Context context) {
            MyApplication leakApplication = (MyApplication) context.getApplicationContext();
            return leakApplication.mRefWatcher;
        }
    }
    
    
    1. 在需要回收的对象上,添加检测代码。
      LeakSingleton.java
    public class LeakSingleton {
        private static LeakSingleton sInstance;
        private Context mContext;
    
        public static LeakSingleton getInstance(Context context) {
            if (sInstance == null) {
                sInstance = new LeakSingleton(context);
            }
            return sInstance;
        }
    
        private LeakSingleton(Context context) {
            mContext = context;
        }
    }
    

    MainActivity.java

    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            //让这个单例对象持有 Activity 的引用
            LeakSingleton.getInstance(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            //在 onDestroy 方法中使用 Application 中创建的 RefWatcher 监视需要回收的对象
            MyApplication.getRefWatcher(this).watch(this);
        }
    }
    

    在退出应用程序之后,我们会发现在桌面上生成了一个新的图标,点击图标进入,就是LeakCanary为我们分析出的导致泄漏的引用链:


    20.png

    原理

    当调用了 RefWatcher.watch() 方法之后,会触发以下逻辑:

    • 创建一个 KeyedWeakReference,它内部引用了 watch 传入的对象:
    final KeyedWeakReference reference = new KeyedWeakReference(watchedReference, key, referenceName, this.queue);
    
    • 在后台线程检查引用是否被清除:
    this.watchExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
          public void run() {
               RefWatcher.this.ensureGone(reference, watchStartNanoTime);
          }
    });
    
    • 如果没有清除,那么首先调用一次GC,假如引用还是没有被清除,那么把当前的内存快照保存到.hprof文件当中,并调用heapdumpListener进行分析:
    void ensureGone(KeyedWeakReference reference, long watchStartNanoTime) {
            long gcStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
            long watchDurationMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(gcStartNanoTime - watchStartNanoTime);
            this.removeWeaklyReachableReferences();
            if(!this.gone(reference) && !this.debuggerControl.isDebuggerAttached()) {
                this.gcTrigger.runGc();
                this.removeWeaklyReachableReferences();
                if(!this.gone(reference)) {
                    long startDumpHeap = System.nanoTime();
                    long gcDurationMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(startDumpHeap - gcStartNanoTime);
                    File heapDumpFile = this.heapDumper.dumpHeap();
                    if(heapDumpFile == null) {
                        return;
                    }
                    long heapDumpDurationMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startDumpHeap);
                    this.heapdumpListener.analyze(new HeapDump(heapDumpFile, reference.key, reference.name, watchDurationMs, gcDurationMs, heapDumpDurationMs));
                }
            }
    }
    
    • 上面说到的heapdumpListener的实现类为ServiceHeapDumpListener,它会启动内部的HeapAnalyzerService:
    public void analyze(HeapDump heapDump) {
            Preconditions.checkNotNull(heapDump, "heapDump");
            HeapAnalyzerService.runAnalysis(this.context, heapDump, this.listenerServiceClass);
    }
    
    • 这是一个IntentService,因此它的onHandlerIntent方法是运行在子线程中的,在通过HeapAnalyzer分析完毕之后,把最终的结果传回给App端展示检测的结果:
     protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
            String listenerClassName = intent.getStringExtra("listener_class_extra");
            HeapDump heapDump = (HeapDump)intent.getSerializableExtra("heapdump_extra");
            AnalysisResult result = this.heapAnalyzer.checkForLeak(heapDump.heapDumpFile, heapDump.referenceKey);
            AbstractAnalysisResultService.sendResultToListener(this, listenerClassName, heapDump, result);
        }
    
    • HeapAnalyzer 会计算未能回收的引用到 Gc Roots 的最短引用路径,如果泄漏,那么建立导致泄漏的引用链并通过 AnalysisResult返回:
    public AnalysisResult checkForLeak(File heapDumpFile, String referenceKey) {
            long analysisStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
            if(!heapDumpFile.exists()) {
                IllegalArgumentException snapshot1 = new IllegalArgumentException("File does not exist: " + heapDumpFile);
                return AnalysisResult.failure(snapshot1, this.since(analysisStartNanoTime));
            } else {
                ISnapshot snapshot = null;
    
                AnalysisResult className;
                try {
                    snapshot = this.openSnapshot(heapDumpFile);
                    IObject e = this.findLeakingReference(referenceKey, snapshot);
                    if(e != null) {
                        String className1 = e.getClazz().getName();
                        AnalysisResult result = this.findLeakTrace(analysisStartNanoTime, snapshot, e, className1, true);
                        if(!result.leakFound) {
                            result = this.findLeakTrace(analysisStartNanoTime, snapshot, e, className1, false);
                        }
    
                        AnalysisResult var9 = result;
                        return var9;
                    }
    
                    className = AnalysisResult.noLeak(this.since(analysisStartNanoTime));
                } catch (SnapshotException var13) {
                    className = AnalysisResult.failure(var13, this.since(analysisStartNanoTime));
                    return className;
                } finally {
                    this.cleanup(heapDumpFile, snapshot);
                }
    
                return className;
            }
        }
    

    参考文献

    LeakCanary 中文使用说明

    相关文章

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