今日导读
本月 11 日，维基解密（Wikileaks）的创始人朱利安·阿桑奇在厄瓜多尔驻英国大使馆被当地警察逮捕，结束了他长达 7 年的政治避难生涯。自 2010 年揭露了几十万份美国政府外交的机密文件后，朱利安·阿桑奇就受到了来自美国政府的指控。与此同时，他也获得了全世界各国政府和媒体的关注。同年，他在《时代》周刊年度人物网络票选中，被评为“最受读者欢迎的年度人物”。这位饱受争议的网站和媒体创始人为何会到厄瓜多尔大使馆避难？他又为何被逮捕？今天的文章为读者总结了三个与阿桑奇有关的问答，接下来，让我们和 Lala 老师一起走进今天的新闻。
新闻原文
Everything you need to know about Julian Assange
The Guardian
Who is Julian Assange?
Assange is a 47-year-old Australian who founded WikiLeaks, a non-profit organisation that publishes leaked materials from a wide range of sources.
Assange rose to prominence in 2010 when WikiLeaks published a series of leaks by Chelsea Manning, a former US Army soldier.
In November that year, WikiLeaks released what would come to be known as Cablegate, a dump of more than 250, 000 US diplomatic cables. Dated between December 1966 and February 2010, the cables contain diplomatic analysis from world leaders, and the diplomats’ assessment of host countries and their officials.
Why was Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy?
An arrest warrant for Assange was issued in August 2010 for two separate sexual assault allegations in Sweden. Police questioned him in Stockholm, where he denied the allegations.
After returning to the UK, he feared that if he were extradited to Sweden he might be extradited on to the US, where he believed he could face charges over WikiLeaks’ publication of the secret US government files.
In December 2010 he appeared at an extradition hearing in the UK, where he was granted bail. Following a legal battle, the courts ruled Assange should be extradited to Sweden. The WikiLeaks founder entered the Ecuadorian embassy in August 2012. He was granted political asylum and remained there until his arrest.
Why do the Americans want him?
Upon his departure from the Ecuadorian embassy, Scotland Yard confirmed that Assange had been arrested on behalf of the US after receiving a request for his extradition as well as for the bail offence.
Later, the US Department of Justice (DoJ) published details of the charge faced by Assange over the Manning episode—namely conspiracy to commit computer intrusion, for which, if convicted, he would face a maximum penalty of five years in prison.
带着问题看讲解
新闻第三段的 a dump of 如何理解？
2010 年，朱利安·阿桑奇是因为哪项指控而被要求引渡到瑞典？
阿桑奇寻求政治庇护违反了英国的什么法令？
新闻正文
Everything you need to know about Julian Assange
关于朱利安·阿桑奇你需要知道的一切
Who is Julian Assange?
朱利安·阿桑奇是谁？
Assange is a 47-year-old Australian who founded WikiLeaks, a non-profit organisation that publishes leaked materials from a wide range of sources.
阿桑奇现年 47 岁，是澳大利亚人。他创建了一个非营利性组织——维基解密。该组织曝光了大量的泄密文件，这些泄密文件来源颇为广泛。
Assange rose to prominence in 2010 when WikiLeaks published a series of leaks by Chelsea Manning, a former US Army soldier.
阿桑奇在 2010 年声名鹊起，当时维基解密公布了一系列美国前陆军士兵切尔西·曼宁泄露出的机密文件。
In November that year, WikiLeaks released what would come to be known as Cablegate, a dump of more than 250,000 US diplomatic cables. Dated between December 1966 and February 2010, the cables contain diplomatic analysis from world leaders, and the diplomats’ assessment of host countries and their officials.
同年 11 月，维基解密一股脑公开了超过 25 万份美国外交电报存档，该事件后来被称为“电报门”（美国外交电报泄密事件）。这些电报发于 1966 年 12 月至 2010 年 2 月期间，里面涵盖了来自世界各国领导人的外交分析，以及美国驻各国的外交官对其所在国及所在国官员的评估。
Why was Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy?
朱利安·阿桑奇为什么会在厄瓜多尔大使馆？
An arrest warrant for Assange was issued in August 2010 for two separate sexual assault allegationsin Sweden. Police questioned him in Stockholm, where he denied the allegations.
2010 年 8 月，阿桑奇在瑞典因受到两起不同性侵案件的指控而被签发逮捕令。警方在斯德哥尔摩审问了他，他否认了这些指控。
After returning to the UK, he feared that if he were extraditedto Sweden he might be extradited on to the US, where he believed he could face charges over WikiLeaks’ publication of the secret US government files.
回到英国后，阿桑奇担心如果被引渡到瑞典，他可能会被接着引渡到美国。阿桑奇认为自己一旦踏上美国国土，就可能会因维基解密公布了美国政府机密文件而面临指控。
In December 2010 he appeared at an extradition hearing in the UK, where he was granted bail. Following a legal battle, the courts ruled Assange should be extradited to Sweden. The WikiLeaks founder entered the Ecuadorian embassy in August 2012. He was granted political asylum and remained there until his arrest.
2010 年 12 月，他在英国出席了一场引渡听证会，并获得保释。经过一场法律较量，法院裁定阿桑奇应当被引渡到瑞典。这位维基解密的创始人于 2012 年 8 月进入厄瓜多尔大使馆。他获得了厄瓜多尔政府给予的政治庇护，并一直在那里待到被捕。
Why do the Americans want him?
为什么美国方面想要引渡他？
Upon his departure from the Ecuadorian embassy, Scotland Yard confirmed that Assange had been arrested on behalf of the US after receiving a request for his extradition as well as for the bail offence.
在阿桑奇离开厄瓜多尔大使馆后，“苏格兰场”（伦敦警察厅）证实，他们代表美国，在收到有关他的引渡要求后将其逮捕。此外，他进入外国使馆寻求庇护的行为同时也违反了英国保释令。
Later, the US Department of Justice (DoJ) published details of the charge faced by Assange over the Manning episode—namely conspiracy to commit computer intrusion, for which, if convicted, he would face a maximum penaltyof five years in prison.
其后，美国司法部（DoJ）公布了阿桑奇在曼宁事件中面临的指控细节——即密谋入侵电脑，如果这一罪名成立，他将面临最高长达 5 年的监禁。
重点词汇
prominence
/ˈprɑːmɪnəns/
n. 显著，有名
e.g.
英文释义：the state of being easily seen or well known
搭配短语：come to/rise to/gain prominence（成名）
例句：Kit Harington came to (or gained) prominence as an actor in "Game of Thrones".
dump
/dʌmp/
n. 垃圾场；专用仓库；存档
e.g.
词性拓展：dump（v. 倾倒）
cable
/ˈkeɪbl/
n.（传输电、电话信号等的）电缆，电报
e.g.
搭配短语：cable car（缆车）；overhead power cables（高架电缆）
assessment
/əˈsesmənt/
n. 评估，评价
e.g.
搭配短语：an assessment of the situation; teachers' assessment
warrant
/ˈwɔːrənt/
n. 逮捕令，令状
e.g.
搭配短语：a search warrant（搜查令）；an arrest warrant（逮捕令）
搭配短语：issue an arrest warrant
issue
/ˈɪʃuː/
v. 发出，签署
e.g.
搭配短语：issue a statement（发出声明）, issue permits（颁发许可证）
allegation
/ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn/
n.（未经证实的）指控
e.g.
英文释义：a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal
例句：Are you able to verify your allegation?
搭配短语：make allegations of sth.（指控某事）, make allegations against sb.（指控某人）
例句：Many patients have made allegations of professional misconduct against the doctor.
extradite
/ˈekstrədaɪt/
v. 引渡
e.g.
文化补充：“引渡”是指一个司法管辖区，应外地请求，将正处在自己领土之内而受到该外地通缉或判刑的人，移交给该外地审判或处罚。通常两司法辖区之间要签有引渡条约或协议方可引渡。
charge
/tʃɑːrdʒ/
n. 指控，控告
e.g.
搭配短语：drop charges against（撤销指控）
例句：The police had to drop charges against her because they couldn't find any evidence.
hearing
/ˈhɪrɪŋ/
n. 听证会
bail
/beɪl/
n. 保释
e.g.
词性拓展：bail（v. 保释）
搭配短语：bail sb out（把某人保释出来）；（通常指从经济上帮助某人脱离困境）
例句：She keeps running up huge debts and asking friends to bail her out.
asylum
/əˈsaɪləm/
n.（尤指政治）避难，庇护
e.g.
搭配短语：to seek/apply for political asylum
on behalf of
代表…，作为…的代表
e.g.
例句：On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
intrusion
/ɪnˈtruːʒn/
n. 闯入，侵扰
e.g.
相关词汇：intrude（v. 闯入，侵扰）
例句：I hate to intrude, but…
相关词汇：intrusive（adj. 打搅的；侵扰的）
搭配短语：intrusive questioning
penalty
/ˈpenəlti/
n. 刑罚；罚金
e.g.
搭配短语：pay a penalty
补充词汇知识
non-profit
adj. 非营利性的
leak
v. 泄露
词性拓展：leaked（adj. 泄露的，泄密的）
a range of
一系列，一类型
diplomatic
adj. 外交的
搭配短语：diplomatic negotiations
contain
v. 包含，涵盖
例句：Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
question
v. 质问，询问
长难句解析
In November that year, WikiLeaks released what would come to be known as Cablegate, a dump of more than 250,000 US diplomatic cables.
同年 11 月，维基解密一次性公开了超过 25 万份美国外交电报存档，该事件后来被称为“电报门”（美国外交电报泄密事件）。
时间状语 in November that year，说明该事件发生的时间是上文提到过的 2010 年的同年 11 月份。主语是 WikiLeaks，released 作谓语动词，后面跟着一个连接词 what 引导的宾语从句 what would come to be known as Cablegate，指出维基百科公开的是后来被称作“电报门”的美国政府外交电报泄密事件。逗号后面的同位语成分 a dump of more than 250,000 US diplomatic cables 进一步对 Cablegate 这一事件进行补充说明，解释该事件的具体情况是：有超过 25 万份的美国外交电报被泄露出来。
After returning to the UK, he feared that if he were extradited to Sweden he might be extradited on to the US, where he believed he could face charges over WikiLeaks’ publication of the secret US government files.
回到英国后，阿桑奇担心如果被引渡到瑞典，他可能会被接着引渡到美国。阿桑奇认为自己一旦踏上美国，就可能会因维基解密公布了美国政府机密文件而面临指控。
有些同学可能会对本句中虚拟语气的使用感到疑惑？本句的时间设定在过去，在 2010 年阿桑奇回到英国之后，当时的他担心自己可能会被引渡到瑞典，继而被引渡到美国。这时的「担心」，是对未来情况的一种担心，所以在这里的虚拟语气表示「和将来情况相反」，故此处从句用到了"If he were extradited"，主句用到了"主语+might be" 。我们可以用同样的情况造个句， If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能）
拓展阅读
切尔西·曼宁
切尔西·曼宁（Chelsea Elizabeth Manning），本名布拉德利·爱德华·曼宁（Bradley Edward Manning），生于美国俄克拉荷马州，曾为美国陆军上等兵。于 2010 年时因涉嫌将美国政府的机密文件外泄给维基解密网站而遭美国政府逮捕，判刑 35 年。在入狱服刑期间，于 2013 年 8 月 22 日，曼宁发表公开声明，宣布改名为切尔西·曼宁，开始荷尔蒙治疗，转变性别为女性。2017 年，前美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马（Barack Obama）为她减刑。同年 5 月 17 日，切尔西·曼宁获释出狱。
曼宁高中时期遭到退学后，曾在软件公司开发程序，任职四个月后被辞退。2007 年时，她为了存钱上大学而加入美国陆军。在此期间，曼宁服务于派驻伊拉克的美国陆军第 10 山地师，负责情报分析工作。也因此，曼宁获得了访问政府数据库的权限。其后，她利用这一职务之便将数据库内的部分机密数据转交给了维基解密
电报门
电报门（又称：美国外交电报泄密事件）发生于 2010 年 11 月 28 日，维基解密网站泄露了 251287 份美国国务院与美国驻外大使馆之间联系的外交电报。
维基解密首先公开了 220 份外交电报，并将另一部分发给了五家媒体（分别是：美国的《纽约时报》、英国的《卫报》、德国的《明镜周刊》、西班牙《国家报》以及法国《世界报》）进行报道。
这些文件中约有 100000 份被标为“秘密文件”（confidential），约有 15000 份被标为“机密文件”（secret），没有“最高机密文件”（top secret）。
这一泄密事件对阿拉伯之春、占领华尔街等运动的发生起到了推动作用。
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