Python之requests的简易使用

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6283017.html

请求方法：

    requests.get()
    requests.post() 
    requests.put ()
    requests.delete() 

参数

• url ：设置访问的url

requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')

• headers：用于伪造请求头

requests.get(url = 'http://www.ip138.com/', headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.122 Safari/537.36'})

• cookies：用于传递cookies

requests.get(url = 'xxxx.com' , cookies = { 'k1':'v1' })

• params：在get方法中用于提交数据

requests.get(url = 'xxxx.com', params = { 'k1' : 'v1' })

• data：在post方法中用于提交数据

requests.post(..., data={'k1':'v1'} )

• json：传送json请求体

requests.post(..., json={'user':'alex','pwd':'123'} )

• proxies：使用代理

        # 无验证
            proxie_dict = {
                "http": "61.172.249.96:80",
                "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128",
            }
            ret = requests.get("https://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxie_dict)
            
        
        # 验证代理
            from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
            
            proxyDict = {
                'http': '77.75.105.165',
                'https': '77.75.106.165'
            }
            auth = HTTPProxyAuth('用户名', '密码')
            
            r = requests.get("http://www.google.com",data={'xxx':'ffff'} proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth)
            print(r.text)

• files：上传文件

            file_dict = {
                'f1': open('xxxx.log', 'rb')
            }
            requests.request(
                method='POST',
                url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                files=file_dict
            )

• timeout：设置超时时间

ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=1)     #设置连接超时时间
ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=(3,1) )      #设置连接和返回数据的超时时间

• allow_redirects：是否允许重定向

ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', allow_redirects=False)

• stream：大型文件下载

        from contextlib import closing
        with closing(requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', stream=True)) as r1:
        # 在此处理响应。
        for i in r1.iter_content():
            print(i)