etcd 一个分布式一致性键值存储系统
etcd是一个分布式一致性键值存储系统，用于共享配置和服务发现，专注于：
*简单：良好定义的面向用户的API
*安全：带有可选客户端证书认证的自动TLS
*快速：测试验证，每秒10000写入
*可靠：使用Raft适当分布
etcd 是Go编写，并使用Raft一致性算法来管理高可用复制日志，架构图如下图所示
image.png
1.安装etcd库
1.cd go
2.cd src
3.mkdir github.com (要是存在的话直接进入到目录cd github.com)
4.mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/coreos
5.$ cd !$
6.$ git clone https://github.com/coreos/etcd.git
7.$ cd etcd
8.$ ./build
9.$ ./bin/etcd
测试
$ cd $GOPATH
$ ./bin/etcd
$ cd $GOPATH
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 ./bin/etcdctl put foo bar
# 输出结果显示OK，表示安装成功
OK
搭建本地集群
$ go get github.com/mattn/goreman
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/coreos/etcd
$ goreman -f Procfile start
查看本地集群的服务器列表
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/coreos/etcd
$ ./bin/etcdctl member list
# 显示结果
8211f1d0f64f3269: name=infra1 peerURLs=http://127.0.0.1:12380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:2379 isLeader=false
91bc3c398fb3c146: name=infra2 peerURLs=http://127.0.0.1:22380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:22379 isLeader=true
fd422379fda50e48: name=infra3 peerURLs=http://127.0.0.1:32380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:32379 isLeader=false
存储数据
export ETCDCTL_API=3
$ ./bin/etcdctl put foo "Hello World!"
OK
$ ./bin/etcdctl get foo
foo
Hello World!
$ ./bin/etcdctl --write-out="json" get foo
{"header":{"cluster_id":17237436991929493444,"member_id":9372538179322589801,"revision":2,"raft_term":2},"kvs":[{"key":"Zm9v","create_revision":2,"mod_revision":2,"version":1,"value":"SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh"}],"count":1}
根据前缀查询
$ ./bin/etcdctl put web1 value1
$ ./bin/etcdctl put web2 value2
$ ./bin/etcdctl put web3 value3
$ ./bin/etcdctl get web --prefix
web1
value1
web2
value2
web3
value3
删除数据
$ ./bin/etcdctl put key myvalue
$ ./bin/etcdctl del key
1
$ ./bin/etcdctl get key
// 查询结果为空
$ ./bin/etcdctl put k1 value1
$ ./bin/etcdctl put k2 value2
$ ./bin/etcdctl del k --prefix
2
$ ./bin/etcdctl get k --prefix
// 查询结果为空
事务写入
$ ./bin/etcdctl put user1 bad
OK
$ ./bin/etcdctl txn --interactive
compares:
// 输入以下内容，输入结束按 两次回车
value("user1") = "bad"
//如果 user1 = bad，则执行 get user1
success requests (get, put, del):
get user1
//如果 user1 != bad，则执行 put user1 good
failure requests (get, put, del):
put user1 good
// 运行结果，执行 success
SUCCESS
user1
bad
$ ./bin/etcdctl txn --interactive
compares:
value("user1") = "111"
// 如果 user1 = 111，则执行 get user1
success requests (get, put, del):
get user1
//如果 user1 != 111，则执行 put user1 2222
failure requests (get, put, del):
put user1 2222
// 运行结果，执行 failure
FAILURE
OK
$ ./bin/etcdctl get user1
user1
2222
watch
// 当 stock1 的数值改变（ put 方法）的时候，watch 会收到通知
$ ./bin/etcdctl watch stock1
// 新打开终端
$ export ETCDCTL_API=3
$ ./bin/etcdctl put stock1 1000
//在watch 终端显示
PUT
stock1
1000
$ ./bin/etcdctl watch stock --prefix
$ ./bin/etcdctl put stock1 10
$ ./bin/etcdctl put stock2 20
lease
$ ./bin/etcdctl lease grant 300
# lease 326963a02758b527 granted with TTL(300s)
$ ./bin/etcdctl put sample value --lease=326963a02758b527
OK
$ ./bin/etcdctl get sample
$ ./bin/etcdctl lease keep-alive 326963a02758b520
$ ./bin/etcdctl lease revoke 326963a02758b527
lease 326963a02758b527 revoked
# or after 300 seconds
$ ./bin/etcdctl get sample
Distributed locks
//第一终端
$ ./bin/etcdctl lock mutex1
mutex1/326963a02758b52d
# 第二终端
$ ./bin/etcdctl lock mutex1
// 当第一个终端结束了，第二个终端会显示
mutex1/326963a02758b531
Elections
$ ./bin/etcdctl elect one p1
one/326963a02758b539
p1
# another client with the same name blocks
$ ./bin/etcdctl elect one p2
//结束第一终端，第二终端显示
one/326963a02758b53e
p2
Cluster status
集群状态
$ ./bin/etcdctl --write-out=table endpoint status
$ ./bin/etcdctl endpoint health
Snapshot
./bin/etcdctl snapshot save my.db
Snapshot saved at my.db
./bin/etcdctl --write-out=table snapshot status my.db
Member
./bin/etcdctl member list -w table
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