reading

TPO54-1（社会科学--商业）

• practically 几乎
  In nineteenth-century America, practically everything that was built involved wood.

• as well as 并且

• from where 从什么地方
  The central and northern reaches of the Great Lakes states—Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota—all contained extensive pine forests as well as many large rivers for floating logs into the Great Lakes, from where they were transported nationwide. 从五大湖运输到全国各地

• by 1986 到1986年

• along with 伴随着

• full-fledged 完全成熟的
  fledged a. 羽翼丰满的，成熟的
  fledge v. 长羽毛

• thorough 彻底的

• calculating 深谋远虑的

• no longer 不再
  No longer were farmers in search of extra income the main source for shingles, firewood, and other wood products.
  倒装句：农民们不再从墙面板，木柴以及其他木制品中寻求额外收入。

• neutralize 抵消

• sled 或 sleigh 雪橇

• thaw 融雪

• counter 动词有反击、反驳等意思
  To counter the effects of climate on lumber production, loggers experimented with a variety of techniques for transporting trees out of the woods.
  为了对抗气候在原木生产中的影响，伐木工人试验了很多不同的技术来将树木运送出树林。

• sprinkling 洒水、喷雾 n.

• coating 涂层

• logger 伐木工人

• lumber 伐木

• ponder 仔细考虑，沉思
  易混淆词：ponderous 笨重的，沉闷的

TPO54-2（--）

• genera 属（genus的复数）

• group 种群

• scenario 情节，方案，剧本，设想
  Many scholars continue to support this scenario.
  许多学者继续支持这种说法。（该句翻译成了说法）

• synchronicity 同步性，同时发生

• significantly 意味深长地； 值得注目地

• in the years since 从那之后

• slaughter [ˈslɔtər] 屠杀，屠宰

TPO54-3（--）

• presence 出席 n.

• lithium 锂

• meet 满足
  Interestingly, this requirement can probably be met by almost any world.
  有趣的是，几乎所有的星球都可以满足这个要求。

• star 恒星
  stellar 星星的

• planet 行星

• gaseous 气态的

• rule out 排除

• molecule 分子
  organic molecules 有机分子

• respectively 分别地，各自地