Date: 2018.1.30
评分标准
development: 论证观点并使其变得有说服力的过程
organization: 内容与内容之间的逻辑关系relationship
language use
3分与4分的分水岭:是否影响读者理解
RUMOR
1. 发展形式
2. 不能写五段式
3. 不能写折中式
post-writing 检查
1. revising (meaning)
2. editing (language)
3. proofreading
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/b14d51c2b6814457.png)
五篇范文中:
发展:参考Essay 1 (good, 纯解释), Essay 2 (good, 举例), Essay 3(差,一段好两段不好), Essay 4(都不好)
组织:参考Essay 3, Essay 4 (两篇文章发展都很烂,可以对应看)
语言:参考Essay 1(三四个小错误,无很多难词), Essay 2(犯很多错误,但不影响理解), Essay 3(犯的错误不多,但影响理解)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/64c055cb327a65b3.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ed71c8f01e24556b.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/9f98419f6d2837bf.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/d7e7ce554f3ee157.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/3a80bafb9ab2badf.png)
中间段:一般20min写完
ECD = evidence centered design
1. 字数不是决定性的
2. 平时练习中accuracy比fluency重要
Date:2018.2.1
Pre-writing
1. 审题
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/52b795e5f34c320c.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a1cadd5b57a211f4.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c3a03701bf35a0cd.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c837efadf059d8fe.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/1e6f1d0a402114b8.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/76accc4f5dd8c00e.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/048eb8de7449047b.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/2916fe2e9bc1696d.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/4b2566483feffed0.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/134dfeed1a0686f5.png)
领导力:problem-solving skills, initiation
2. 头脑风暴
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/f3a0dcfd024f874c.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ecdde5e2e1f4cfc4.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/d93f34fea877bb5a.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/06e5ec28b2e8d12a.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/6c93371f8b1c0171.png)
3. 决定文章观点及组织方式
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/e22a0273d98e241f.png)
4. 列提纲
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/b56a2182b17a9536.jpg)
段落的组织结构
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/26bb56051ec09d27.jpg)
一边倒
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/296749014f32390e.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ba30cd215a3320d7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/bb085a09c89bf591.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/15a6b33dcfb37870.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ff06a4433c018bc5.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a094443ef2a83294.png)
e.g. working at home using computers and telephones or working at a company?
brainstorming
at home:
1. flexible schedule
2. won't waste time
3. familiar environment→work comfortably (things are arranged the way you like)→high efficiency
4. accompany family (take care of family; cook lunch; do laundry; take care of the old / children)
5. environmentally friendly
(1、2可合并为一点:time arrangement)
at workplace:
1. high efficiency
2. less distraction
3. relationship improved
4. learn from each other
5. enlist help from co-workers
6. follow the guidelines
(2、4、5可以合并为一点)
让步式
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a9104c7bbdad7653.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/4ad06bee23abddfb.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ecc07fa8251b0131.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/070f883072d9980f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/9a364e585a9522ab.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/231b8c05afb341e7.jpg)
一个例子:
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/8659cdb5923aa197.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/d96377b5a69899e6.jpg)
折中式
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/729b1bfcc91bbf94.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/38653d3a96b5a003.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/861678e006de66fe.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/43a3b64f9f589736.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ea17b939637726e3.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/2363e68cb024e060.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c02799881cdb5efa.png)
分情况
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/961f6b9458c9911b.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/cbcda3ac7276c85b.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c3bacb1b64171da7.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/1790a2000ee74680.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/bb0f8a11a256a83b.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/f520ec05a2bcd0cc.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c5b881befb8dffce.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/65f1f05ceb095d79.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/33a69a9da32c3a17.jpg)
总结
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/fff7231d325d5897.jpg)
如果四种方式都想不起来:
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a79b1087e9c1c9fd.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/7f729b32623fcd30.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/318d02e13b5908e7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/e8de7a3910409b6b.jpg)
另:主题句怎么写
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c2bbf34e3bdae1fd.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ac46f6b4d0334777.jpg)
其他一些:
can 经典换词:never fail to do, get great chances, (sth.) promises to do, could, might, will
different 经典换词: various, varying, a divergence of, a wide range of
Date:2018.2.2
主题句的注意事项:
1. 一个主题句只能有一个focus
2. 只写最后结果,不写过程
3. 主题句上不能用代词
4. 主题句一定要写的很直白,不能写成谚语,也不能有哲学高度
5. 主题句上一定要包含topic
6. 主题句是抽象总结性质的,不是具象发展性质的
7. 注意段与段之间的连接词错误
8. 主题句上不能有包含关系
经典题型:绝对词题、三选一题、more important 题
1. 绝对词题
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/304019a632ab1b97.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/29f63e52db9d68b0.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/6928ef373828e66a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/daa8e2f19ab3afd3.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/9361521c33994d26.jpg)
2. 三选一题
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/29c61e32c385033e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/1c4962a526f0b654.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/64308d0814b6961b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/beb86647c7084865.jpg)
3. more important 题
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/bb18de5a1cc640ac.jpg)
文章开头
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/b1d8b75512bde732.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/6a6f11cd8aced2f6.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/09c8e2104fc4b96d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/49d9eaadcaf22e94.jpg)
对...有利的:be rewarding to / be beneficial to / be advantageous to / be contributive to / be conducive to
对...不好的:be harmful for / do harm to / be disadvantageous to / be detrimental to
对...有影响的:exert a positive / negative influence / impact on
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/e529d418da9e8c01.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/cd52a067a00a08af.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/077dbd1a7e321d93.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/b69af2989595be79.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/d1b147275f5ac134.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/3f723d195645d4a4.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/32dc156a3397461b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c61b0e498aab7a02.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a19d1fbf264624b1.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/0f9425d1dd838bb1.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/bbbe554c6758f0ec.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c1eece932cab34ba.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/e8cc6890b2a808c7.jpg)
文章结尾
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/f20732e8360d39fc.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/f9a3c1d9933b1134.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/075363b29e23c68a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ccfc40f68117f6b6.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/70c0877f1333dd1d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/c73349e31e3e6bc2.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/701826a7f51486da.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/5d39f9de4e646d58.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/05f5ab3ef5ce5892.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/f0203d819e2d075e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/e0f5ff6b5424e2aa.jpg)
发展段 DEVELOPMENT
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/5cb0e0a97567d613.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/be9a86bf4302e144.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a85005c65e974e95.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ec8eca9312cd426a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/da52980a388f957d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a95b4bbda937bcb1.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a4df2c9859db7574.jpg)
Date: 2018.2.8
发展
发展段的第二个重点:一定要写的specific
如果能想到2-3个specific点:每个点后面写两三句话
如果只能想到1个specific点:采用小说六要素——时间、地点、人物、原因、过程、结果
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/b3eb4173cc561283.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/a392b497676b89bd.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/653a1e5d301fd2c8.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/348b9aac159bf030.jpg)
综合写作
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/3affc42b6815c558.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/89a3c56b2f046c43.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/66fb26df5c810ea7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/f1ac44a26ba14764.jpg)
重点:1. 听力 2. 不影响理解
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/b1b6a0920e167e4a.jpg)
阅读
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/5c280a8984c8e504.jpg)
听力
大例子一定要全记,小例子可以记一个代表性的
细节不能反推
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/b1f4738472d93f2e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/945c3ce5998fb161.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/de01bc31859cd769.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/0a982e970d5d45f0.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/35f17a5dd4a0bdb0.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/09ccb9bce75ca63e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/83479707acd1c22b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/0e43ac4202df12ce.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/31b867968c34d006.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ef3092c514c2bf7a.png)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9834222/ce348caacd30bb2d.png)
综合写作两大要点:改写+清晰Clarity
快速改写的步骤:
第一步 翻译
第二步 中文换句式
第三步 用英文再翻译 能换什么换什么
底线:句型、动词得改
综合写作的时态:一般现在时、一般过去时 (时态取决于阅读的开头段,模板时态不用改,全是一般现在时)
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