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efficacy: Capacity or power to produce a desired effect

Steroid: A steroid is an organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific configuration.

Ceragenins, or cationic steroid antimicrobials (CSAs), are synthetically-produced, small-molecule chemical compounds consisting of a sterol backbone with amino acids and other chemical groups attached to them. These compounds have a net positive charge that is electrostatically attracted to the negative-charged cell membranes of certain viruses, fungi, and bacteria. CSAs have a high binding affinity for such membranes (including Lipid A[1]) and are able to rapidly disrupt the target membranes leading to rapid cell death. While CSAs have a mechanism of action that is also seen in antimicrobial peptides, which form part of the body's innate immune system, they avoid many of the difficulties associated with their use as medicines

Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation.[1] They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane.

Gram-negative bacteria are spread worldwide, in virtually all environments that support life. The gram-negative bacteria include the model organism Escherichia coli, as well as many pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Yersinia pestis. Several classes of antibiotics target gram-negative bacteria specifically, including aminoglycosides and carbapenems

lysis: dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria

Cells are the simplest units of life and are categorized into two main groups. 

Bacteria are prokaryotes(原核生物）, one-celled organisms that lack a structure called a nucleus, a membrane-encased collection of genetic material. Although bacteria are unicellular, they often collect in chains or clusters.

Fungi are eukaryotes（真核生物）. Fungal cells include a well-defined nucleus as well as other distinct structures with varied functions. Fungi occur in unicellular（单细胞） and multicellular forms, including mushrooms, lichens（地衣类）, algae,  yeast, and mold. Most medically relevant fungi exist as unicellular yeasts and molds. Fungi are generally larger than bacteria and utilize more complex biologic processes.