一周热词汇总（2018.6.11-2018.6.17）

作者: MTI考研 | 来源:发表于2018-06-19 16:06 被阅读1266次

1. 上海精神

the Shanghai Spirit

国家主席习近平10日上午在山东青岛出席上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十八次会议并发表重要讲话。

习近平说，当前，世界发展既充满希望，也面临挑战，我们的未来无比光明，但前方的道路不会平坦。我们要进一步弘扬"上海精神(the Shanghai Spirit)"，破解时代难题，化解风险挑战(further carry forward the Shanghai Spirit to surmount difficulties, defuse risks and meet challenges)。

他提出，

We should uphold innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development, achieve coordinated social and economic progress of various countries and resolve issues caused by unbalanced development. We should bridge the gap in development and promote shared prosperity.

我们要提倡创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展观，实现各国经济社会协同进步，解决发展不平衡带来的问题，缩小发展差距，促进共同繁荣。

We should pursue common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. We should reject the Cold War mentality and confrontation between blocks and oppose the practices of seeking absolute security of oneself at the expense of the security of other countries, so as to achieve security of all.

我们要践行共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，摒弃冷战思维、集团对抗，反对以牺牲别国安全换取自身绝对安全的做法，实现普遍安全。

We need to promote open and inclusive cooperation for win-win outcomes. We should reject self-centered, short-sighted and closed-door policies. We should uphold WTO rules and support the multilateral trading system so as to build an open world economy.

我们要秉持开放、融通、互利、共赢的合作观，拒绝自私自利、短视封闭的狭隘政策，维护世界贸易组织规则，支持多边贸易体制，构建开放型世界经济。

Equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness between cultures should be championed, so that we overcome cultural misunderstanding, clash and supremacy through exchanges, mutual learning and coexistence.

我们要树立平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，以文明交流超越文明隔阂，以文明互鉴超越文明冲突，以文明共存超越文明优越。

We should adhere to extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in global governance, steadily reform and improve the global governance system, and push all countries to jointly build a community with a shared future for humanity.

我们要坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，不断改革完善全球治理体系，推动各国携手建设人类命运共同体。

习近平在讲话中说，

"上海精神"是我们共同的财富，上海合作组织是我们共同的家园(the Shanghai Spirit is our shared asset, and the SCO is our shared home)。我们要继续在"上海精神"指引下，同舟共济，精诚合作，齐心协力构建上海合作组织命运共同体(to build an SCO community with a shared future)，推动建设新型国际关系，携手迈向持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界(build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity)。

为此，他提出以下建议：

SCO member states should build up strength of unity and mutual trust.

第一，凝聚团结互信的强大力量。

SCO member states should strengthen the foundation for shared peace and security.

第二，筑牢和平安全的共同基础。

SCO members need to build a powerful engine to achieve common development.

第三，打造共同发展繁荣的强劲引擎。

Member states of the SCO should forge closer ties through people-to-people and cultural exchanges.

第四，拉紧人文交流合作的共同纽带。

SCO member states need to expand partnership networks of international cooperation.

第五，共同拓展国际合作的伙伴网络。

[相关词汇]

青岛宣言 the Qingdao Declaration

共同繁荣 shared prosperity

冷战思维 Cold War mentality

文明隔阂 cultural misunderstanding

狭隘政策 closed-door policies

伙伴网络 partnership network

2. 首次会晤

the first-ever meeting

请看例句：

Top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) Kim Jong-un and US President Donald Trump had a historic meeting in Singapore Tuesday. It is the first-ever meeting between a DPRK leader and a sitting US president.

朝鲜最高领导人金正恩与美国总统特朗普12日在新加坡举行历史性会晤。这是有史以来朝鲜领导人与美国在任总统的首次会晤。

两人握手之后进行了40分钟的单独会晤(hold a 40-minute one-on-one meeting)，随后与各自的助理人员一起进行了大范围会谈(proceed to an expanded meeting)，并共进工作午餐。特朗普表示单独会晤"非常非常好"，期间，他还称与金正恩"关系很好(excellent relationship)"。金正恩表示，过去的偏见和惯例(old prejudice and practices)是阻碍两国之间实现会晤的障碍，双方克服了"各种障碍"才走到今天。

特朗普预言此次会晤会很成功(predict a tremendous success of the summit)，他表示，很荣幸能够与金正恩进行面对面会晤(it was "an honor" to meet face-to-face with Kim)，他会跟朝鲜领导人有"特别好的关系(a terrific relationship)"。在大范围会谈开始时，特朗普表示："我们会一起努力解决问题(working together, we will get it taken care of)"，并预言他和金正恩会解决"重大问题和主要困境"(he and Kim will solve "a big problem and a big dilemma")。金正恩表示，他会"与特朗普总统合作解决即将到来的挑战(cooperate with President Trump to resolve the challenges ahead)"，并应对关于此次会晤的质疑和猜测(overcome the skepticism and speculations about their summit)。

当日下午，特朗普和金正恩签署了一份协议，特朗普称这份协议"非常重要、非常全面"。金正恩表示，"全世界将会看到巨大的变化(the world will see a major change)"，并表示，他和特朗普"决定放下过去(decide to leave the past behind)"。

双方在协议中做出如下声明：

1. The US and the DPRK commit to establish new US-DPRK relations in accordance with the desire of the peoples of the two countries for peace and prosperity.

依照朝鲜和美国两国人民对和平和繁荣的期望，美国与朝鲜人民民主主义共和国将建立新型朝美关系。

2. The US and the DPRK will join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.

美国与朝鲜人民民主主义共和国将会共同努力为朝鲜半岛带来长久和稳定的和平。

3. Reaffirming the April 27, 2018 Panmunjom Declaration, the DPRK commits to work towards complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.

重申2018年4月27日在板门店非军事区的协定，朝鲜承诺继续进行完成朝鲜半岛无核化的进程。

4. The US and the DPRK commit to recovering POW/MIA remains, including the immediate repatriation of those already identified.

朝鲜和美国承诺找回战俘/失踪人口(POW/MIA)遗体，包括立刻送返已经确认身份的遗体。

12日中午，国务委员兼外交部长王毅对记者表示，全世界高度关注正在新加坡举行的朝美领导人会晤。

两国相互对立甚至敌对半个多世纪，今天，两国的最高领导人能够坐在一起，进行平等对话，这本身就具有重大和积极的意义，就是在创造新的历史(it is important and positive for the top leaders of the two countries to sit down and conduct equal talks, which is creating a new history)。中方对此当然欢迎和支持，因为这是中方一直期待和努力的目标。

我们希望朝美领导人排除干扰，建立互信，克服困难，就推进和实现半岛无核化、推进并建立半岛和平机制达成基本共识，迈出实质性步伐(result in substantive steps toward denuclearization and the establishment of a peace mechanism on the Korean Peninsula)。

王毅希望有关各方都能为此做出努力，强调中方也将继续发挥建设性作用(China will continue to play a constructive role in this regard)。

[相关词汇]

朝美会晤 DPRK-US summit

和谈 peace talk

无核化 denuclearization

朝鲜半岛形势 the situation of the Korean Peninsula

联合军演 joint drill/exercise

军售 arms sale

3. 空气污染防控督查

air pollution control inspection

请看例句：

China's top environmental watchdog will dispatch about 18,000 law enforcement officers to conduct air pollution control inspections in three key areas starting on Monday.

自11日起，生态环境部将派出约1.8万人在三个重点区域进行空气污染防控督查。

生态环境部日前印发《2018—2019年蓝天保卫战重点区域强化督查方案》，于11日启动强化督查，持续到2019年4月28日结束。今年的督查主题为"蓝天保卫战(Blue Sky Protection Campaign)"，重点对京津冀地区(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)及周边"2+26"城市、汾谓平原(Fenhe and Weihe plains)11城市，以及长三角地区(the Yangtze River Delta)等重点区域持续开展大气污染防治强化督查。

据了解，这些重点区域虽然当前空气质量继续改善，但个别地区污染仍然较重。京津冀地区仍然是全国环境空气质量最差(the worst air quality)的地区。河北、山西、天津、河南、山东5省(市)优良天气(fairly good air quality)比例仍不到60%，汾渭平原更是近年来大气污染不降反升。

此次强化督查将分三个阶段，围绕产业结构(industrial structure)、能源结构(energy structure)、运输结构(transportation structure)和用地结构(land use structure)4项重点任务，检查"散乱污"企业(poorly managed - and polluting - small enterprises)综合整治情况、工业企业环境问题治理情况、清洁取暖(clean energy heating)及燃煤替代(coal substitution)情况等。

[相关词汇]

可吸入颗粒物 inhalable particulate

灰霾污染日 haze pollution day

工业粉尘 industrial dust

扬尘污染 dust pollution

空气污染防治 air pollution control

废物管理 waste management

环境监测 environmental monitoring

4. 四价流感疫苗

four-strain flu vaccine

请看例句：

China's drug regulator has approved the country's first four-strain flu vaccine.

国家药品监督管理局近日批准了国内首个四价流感疫苗。

国家药监总局(the National Drug Administration of China)称，这种四价流感疫苗(four-strain flu vaccine)加入能预防上次流感季中的主要病株BY型流感的抗体(protection against the Yamagata lineage of Influenza B)，能保护人们不被4种流感病株(virus strain)感染。

国家药监总局相关负责人表示，由于2017-2018年度北半球三价流感疫苗(three-strain vaccine)株组分与我国流感优势毒株(dominant flu strain)不匹配，导致流感疫苗保护效果受到一定影响。为了覆盖近年来全球流感流行的主要亚型(main subtypes)，研发使用四价流感疫苗就成为当前疾病防控(disease prevention)的一种迫切需求。

华兰和长春两家国内公司(domestic companies)获准成为这种疫苗的生产商(vaccine producer)。该疫苗或适用于成年人及3岁以上的儿童(be used on adults and children aged three years and above)。甲型H1N1和H3N2流感(H1N1 and H3N2 of Influenza A)、乙型Victoria和Yamagata流感(Victoria and Yamagata lineages of Influenza B)是人流感病毒的常见菌株(common strains of human flu viruses)。目前，接种疫苗被认为是预防流感和流行病最有效的方法(the most effective way to prevent infection and guard against an epidemic)。

[相关词汇]

抗病毒治疗 antiviral treatment

个人防护措施 personal protective measure

季节性流感病毒 seasonal influenza virus

病原 pathogen

传播力 transmissibility

5. 世界杯

World Cup

请看例句：

This year's Football World Cup has opened in spectacular fashion, with the host Russians routing Saudi Arabia 5-0, recording the biggest win by the host nation in the opening game of a World Cup since 1934.

今年的世界杯足球锦标赛以令人叹为观止的方式拉开了帷幕。东道主俄罗斯以5:0的成绩打败沙特阿拉伯，刷新自1934年以来主办国在世界杯揭幕战中获得的最大胜利。

在此前进行的7场比赛中俄罗斯无一获胜(have not won in their past seven matches)。但在莫斯科卢日尼基体育场(Luzhniki Stadium)约7.8万粉丝的观战下，俄罗斯对阵沙特阿拉伯易如反掌(Russia had little trouble against the Saudis)。

比赛过程中，数位俄罗斯战将颇为勇猛，帮助祖国赢得出线小组赛的机会(help Russia's chances of qualifying from the group stage)。俄罗斯此次获胜也使得世界杯(World Cup)史上的"揭幕战东道主不败(host nation not losing the opening match)"定律得以延续。

接下来，俄罗斯将迎战萨拉赫领衔的埃及队(Russia will play Egypt led by Mohamed Salah next)和实力更强的乌拉圭队。虽然收获开门红(win the first game)，但面对更加强大的对手，在14日晚的狂欢过后，俄罗斯还需重新开始。

[相关词汇]

点球决胜 penalty shootout

断球 intercept

任意球 free kick

技术犯规 technical foul

越位 offside

假摔 fake a fall/an injury

整理自网络，侵删

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