redis 对象

redis 对数据的处理用对象进行管理，目前有5种类型。每种对象类型并不是用单一的编码类型实现，根据应用场景，往往多种编码类型结合使用。

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对象

数据结构

typedef struct redisObject {
    // 对象类型
    unsigned type:4;
    // 对象编码类型
    unsigned encoding:4;
    // 对象操作时间
    unsigned lru:LRU_BITS; /* LRU time (relative to global lru_clock) or
                            * LFU data (least significant 8 bits frequency
                            * and most significant 16 bits access time). */
    // 使用计数
    int refcount;
    // 数据内容
    void *ptr;
} robj;

类型

/* The actual Redis Object */
#define OBJ_STRING 0    /* String object. */
#define OBJ_LIST 1      /* List object. */
#define OBJ_SET 2       /* Set object. */
#define OBJ_ZSET 3      /* Sorted set object. */
#define OBJ_HASH 4      /* Hash object. */

编码

/* Objects encoding. Some kind of objects like Strings and Hashes can be
 * internally represented in multiple ways. The 'encoding' field of the object
 * is set to one of this fields for this object. */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_RAW 0     /* Raw representation */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_INT 1     /* Encoded as integer */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_HT 2      /* Encoded as hash table */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_ZIPMAP 3  /* Encoded as zipmap */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_LINKEDLIST 4 /* No longer used: old list encoding. */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_ZIPLIST 5 /* Encoded as ziplist */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_INTSET 6  /* Encoded as intset */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_SKIPLIST 7  /* Encoded as skiplist */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR 8  /* Embedded sds string encoding */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_QUICKLIST 9 /* Encoded as linked list of ziplists */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_STREAM 10 /* Encoded as a radix tree of listpacks */

创建对象

robj *createObject(int type, void *ptr) {
    robj *o = zmalloc(sizeof(*o));
    o->type = type;
    o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_RAW;
    o->ptr = ptr;
    o->refcount = 1;

    /* Set the LRU to the current lruclock (minutes resolution), or
     * alternatively the LFU counter. */
    if (server.maxmemory_policy & MAXMEMORY_FLAG_LFU) {
        o->lru = (LFUGetTimeInMinutes()<<8) | LFU_INIT_VAL;
    } else {
        o->lru = LRU_CLOCK();
    }
    return o;
}

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工作流程

对象实现可以通过调试，看看实现逻辑。刚看完整数集合，可以跟踪下实现流程。

命令

sadd keytest 1 2 3

堆栈

下断点看看命令工作流程

intsetNew() (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/intset.c:100)
createIntsetObject() (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/object.c:236)
setTypeCreate(sds value) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/t_set.c:44)
saddCommand(client * c) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/t_set.c:270)
call(client * c, int flags) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/server.c:3195)
processCommand(client * c) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/server.c:3552)
processCommandAndResetClient(client * c) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/networking.c:1651)
processInputBuffer(client * c) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/networking.c:1746)
processInputBufferAndReplicate(client * c) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/networking.c:1768)
readQueryFromClient(connection * conn) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/networking.c:1854)
callHandler(connection * conn, ConnectionCallbackFunc handler) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/connhelpers.h:76)
connSocketEventHandler(struct aeEventLoop * el, int fd, void * clientData, int mask) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/connection.c:275)
aeProcessEvents(aeEventLoop * eventLoop, int flags) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/ae.c:457)
aeMain(aeEventLoop * eventLoop) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/ae.c:515)
main(int argc, char ** argv) (/Users/xxx/src/other/redis/src/server.c:5054)

命令结构

struct redisCommand {
    char *name;
    redisCommandProc *proc;
    int arity;
    char *sflags;   /* Flags as string representation, one char per flag. */
    uint64_t flags; /* The actual flags, obtained from the 'sflags' field. */
    /* Use a function to determine keys arguments in a command line.
     * Used for Redis Cluster redirect. */
    redisGetKeysProc *getkeys_proc;
    /* What keys should be loaded in background when calling this command? */
    int firstkey; /* The first argument that's a key (0 = no keys) */
    int lastkey;  /* The last argument that's a key */
    int keystep;  /* The step between first and last key */
    long long microseconds, calls;
    int id;     /* Command ID. This is a progressive ID starting from 0 that
                   is assigned at runtime, and is used in order to check
                   ACLs. A connection is able to execute a given command if
                   the user associated to the connection has this command
                   bit set in the bitmap of allowed commands. */
};

• 初始化命令

struct redisServer {
    ...
    dict *commands;             /* Command table */
    dict *orig_commands;        /* Command table before command renaming. */
    ...
};

struct redisCommand redisCommandTable[] = {
    ...
    {"sadd",saddCommand,-3,
     "write use-memory fast @set",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},
    ...
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    ...
    initServerConfig();
    ...
}

void initServerConfig(void) {
    ...
    /* Command table -- we initiialize it here as it is part of the
     * initial configuration, since command names may be changed via
     * redis.conf using the rename-command directive. */
    server.commands = dictCreate(&commandTableDictType,NULL);
    server.orig_commands = dictCreate(&commandTableDictType,NULL);
    populateCommandTable();
    server.delCommand = lookupCommandByCString("del");
    ...
}

/* Populates the Redis Command Table starting from the hard coded list
 * we have on top of redis.c file. */
void populateCommandTable(void) {
    int j;
    int numcommands = sizeof(redisCommandTable)/sizeof(struct redisCommand);

    for (j = 0; j < numcommands; j++) {
        struct redisCommand *c = redisCommandTable+j;
        int retval1, retval2;

        /* Translate the command string flags description into an actual
         * set of flags. */
        if (populateCommandTableParseFlags(c,c->sflags) == C_ERR)
            serverPanic("Unsupported command flag");

        c->id = ACLGetCommandID(c->name); /* Assign the ID used for ACL. */
        retval1 = dictAdd(server.commands, sdsnew(c->name), c);
        /* Populate an additional dictionary that will be unaffected
         * by rename-command statements in redis.conf. */
        retval2 = dictAdd(server.orig_commands, sdsnew(c->name), c);
        serverAssert(retval1 == DICT_OK && retval2 == DICT_OK);
    }
}

• 根据命令字符串，查找对应的 redisCommand

int processCommand(client *c) {
    /* Now lookup the command and check ASAP about trivial error conditions
     * such as wrong arity, bad command name and so forth. */
    c->cmd = c->lastcmd = lookupCommand(c->argv[0]->ptr);
}

• 命令处理函数

void saddCommand(client *c) {
    robj *set;
    int j, added = 0;

    // 查找 key 是否已经存在
    set = lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    if (set == NULL) {
        // 根据命令数值去确定实现编码。
        set = setTypeCreate(c->argv[2]->ptr);
        dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],set);
    } else {
        if (set->type != OBJ_SET) {
            addReply(c,shared.wrongtypeerr);
            return;
        }
    }

    for (j = 2; j < c->argc; j++) {
        if (setTypeAdd(set,c->argv[j]->ptr)) added++;
    }
    if (added) {
        signalModifiedKey(c->db,c->argv[1]);
        notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_SET,"sadd",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
    }
    server.dirty += added;
    addReplyLongLong(c,added);
}

• 根据存储的数据，底层决定用那种编码进行保存。

/* Factory method to return a set that *can* hold "value". When the object has
 * an integer-encodable value, an intset will be returned. Otherwise a regular
 * hash table. */
robj *setTypeCreate(sds value) {
    if (isSdsRepresentableAsLongLong(value,NULL) == C_OK)
        return createIntsetObject();
    return createSetObject();
}

robj *createIntsetObject(void) {
    intset *is = intsetNew();
    robj *o = createObject(OBJ_SET,is);
    o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_INTSET;
    return o;
}

robj *createSetObject(void) {
    dict *d = dictCreate(&setDictType,NULL);
    robj *o = createObject(OBJ_SET,d);
    o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_HT;
    return o;
}

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其它

以上是集合的工作流程，其它功能使用流程以此类推，当然你也可以走下哈希功能。编码是 dict 和 ziplist 的结合。推例如：

hset keytest filedtest valuetest

robj *createHashObject(void) {
    unsigned char *zl = ziplistNew();
    robj *o = createObject(OBJ_HASH, zl);
    o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_ZIPLIST;
    return o;
}

void hsetCommand(client *c) {
    ...
    if ((o = hashTypeLookupWriteOrCreate(c,c->argv[1])) == NULL) return;
    hashTypeTryConversion(o,c->argv,2,c->argc-1);

    for (i = 2; i < c->argc; i += 2)
        created += !hashTypeSet(o,c->argv[i]->ptr,c->argv[i+1]->ptr,HASH_SET_COPY);
    ...
}

void hashTypeTryConversion(robj *o, robj **argv, int start, int end) {
    ...
    for (i = start; i <= end; i++) {
        if (sdsEncodedObject(argv[i]) &&
            sdslen(argv[i]->ptr) > server.hash_max_ziplist_value)
        {
            hashTypeConvert(o, OBJ_ENCODING_HT);
            break;
        }
    }
}

int hashTypeSet(robj *o, sds field, sds value, int flags) {
    int update = 0;

    if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_ZIPLIST) {
        ...
    } else if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_HT) {
        ...
    } else {
        serverPanic("Unknown hash encoding");
    }
}

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参考

《redis 设计与实现》

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后记

很多时候，我们理解面向对象，会单纯认为 C++，java 等语言。所谓面向对象，是对事物逻辑进行抽象，无关语言，例如 c语言实现的 redis 对象，就很好阐述了这个问题。

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[redis 源码走读] 系列，根据 《redis 设计与实现》书籍的目录路线，结合相关内容进行源码阅读。计划事无巨细走读源码，发现时间不允许，很多细节在实际应用中可以不断查阅巩固，而且不少书籍博客也有很详尽的解说。redis 在使用过程中，自己还有不少疑惑，带着问题，在查阅过资料后，做一些总结，便于遗忘查阅。

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