介绍：
AsyncTask是一种轻量级的异步任务类，它可以在线程池中执行后台任务，然后把执行的进度和最终结果传递给主线程并在主线程中更新UI。
AsyncTask是一个抽象的泛型类，它提供了Params，Progress和Result这三个泛型参数，其中Params表示参数的类型，Progress表示后台任务的执行进度的类型，而Result则表示后台任务的返回结果的类型，如果AsyncTask确实不需要传递具体的参数，那么这三个泛型参数可以用Void来代替。AsyncTask这个类的生命如下：
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result>
核心方法
- protected void onPreExecute()
在AsyncTask被调用的线程中执行，在异步任务执行之前被调用
- protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params)
在线程池中执行，执行异步任务，并返回其结果，params参数表示异步任务的输入参数。在此方法中可以通过publishProgress方法来更新任务的进度，publishProgress会发送消息间接调用onProgressUpdate方法
- protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)
在主线程中执行，当后台任务的执行进度发生改变时调用此方法
- protected void onPostExecute(Result result)
在主线程中执行，在异步任务执行完成之后，此方法被调用，其result参数是后台任务的返回值
源码分析
为了分析AsyncTask的源码，我们从execute方法入手
//一个串行执行任务的线程池
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
//从这里可以看出AsyncTask只能被执行一次
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
//将AsyncTask置为RUNNING状态
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
//此处调用onPreExecute方法
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}```
从代码中看出，execute会调用executeOnExecutor方法，其中有这么两行代码：
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);```
那这个mWorker 和mFuture是哪里来的呢？
接着往下看：
public AsyncTask() {
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
//将AsyncTask设置为已调用
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//调用doInBackground方法
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
//最终调用postResult方法
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}```
原来，在AsyncTask的构造函数中，我们初就始化了mWorker 和mFuture变量，下面我们来看下这两个变量，通过看源码我们知道：
WorkerRunnable是一个封装了Params参数的Callable抽象类
FutureTask是一个实现了Runnable和Future<V>的类
从上面，我们知道executeOnExecutor 会调用exec.execute(mFuture)，其最终会执行mFuture的run方法
下面让我们来看看FutureTask的run方法
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
//在这里调用了从FutureTask构造函数里传进来的mWorker的call方法
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
//最终会调用自身的done方法
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
protected void set(V v) {
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATE, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
outcome = v;
U.putOrderedInt(this, STATE, NORMAL); // final state
finishCompletion();
}
}
private void finishCompletion() {
// assert state > COMPLETING;
for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
if (U.compareAndSwapObject(this, WAITERS, q, null)) {
for (;;) {
Thread t = q.thread;
if (t != null) {
q.thread = null;
LockSupport.unpark(t);
}
WaitNode next = q.next;
if (next == null)
break;
q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
q = next;
}
break;
}
}
//最终调用mFuture的done方法
done();
callable = null; // to reduce footprint
}
从以上代码我们可以分析出，mFuture的run方法会调用mWorker的call方法，并最终调用自己的done方法。
那我们接着看mWorker.call:
private static Handler getHandler() {
synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
if (sHandler == null) {
sHandler = new InternalHandler();
}
return sHandler;
}
}
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}```
在mWorker.call中，我们调用了doInBackground方法，最终调用postResult
在上面的代码中，postResult方法会通过sHandler发送一个MESSAGE_POST_RESULT的消息，这个sHandler定义如下：
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
//切换到主线程
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}```
可以发现，sHandler收到MESSAGE_POST_RESULT消息后会调用AsyncTask的finish方法，如下所示：
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}```
AsyncTask的finish方法逻辑比较简单，若果AsyncTask被取消了，那么久调用onCancelled方法，否则就会调用onPostExecute方法。
总结下来，AsyncTask的大致执行流程为：
AsyncTask.execute--->AsyncTask.executeOnExecutor
--->AsyncTask.onPreExecute--->mFuture.run--->mWorker.call
--->AsyncTask.doInBackground--->AsyncTask.postResult--->AsyncTask.finish
--->AsyncTask.onPostExecute or AsyncTask.onCancelled
--->mFuture.done
到这里AsyncTask的源码就分析完成了。
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