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objc_msgSend

objc_msgSend

作者: 无题007 | 来源:发表于2017-07-18 11:21 被阅读69次

    几个概念

    • 方法调用的本质,就是让对象发送消息。
    • NSString *idfa = [Device getIdfa:type]; 该方法调用的时会转化为objc_msgSend进行调用,getIdfa:以及后面的参数形成了一个消息。
    • 看一下objc_msgSend这个方法的系统定义,void objc_msgSend(void /* id self, SEL op, ... */ ) ,消息发送最少包括两个参数,一个id类型,一个SEL类型。
    • 当对象对应方法列表中查询不到这个方法时,并不做任何处理的情况下,系统就会抛出异常。
      消息发送到最后对应到方法实现的查找过程:SEL->Method->IMP,最后利用IMP函数指针调用方法,流程图如下:
    359DC26A-2609-4E48-AF8B-C56DC4CB1984.png
    • 应用场景:随意调用所有的方法,并且为实现不会崩溃。
      在我们开发中,有些方法我们不愿意在.h中公开,导入某些头文件一不注意就会循环引用。并且很多时候会造成代码的耦合性上升。
      注意:
    • 使用objc_msgSend这个方法的前提是你需要在 BuildSetting中设置Enable Strict Checking of objc_msgSend CallsYES,否则会报错。
    • 不要以为导入了头文件#import<objc/runtime.h>就完事了,同时记得导入#import<objc/message.h>

    举个🌰

    首先创建一个Person类,.h中不公开任何方法,在.m中实现如下方法:

    /**
    *实例方法 无参数 无返回值
    */
    -(void)eat{
      NSLog(@"eat_person");
    }
    
    /**
    *类方法 无参数 无返回值
    */
    +(void)eat{
      NSLog("eat_calss");
    }
    
    /**
     *睡觉实例方法  有参数 无返回值
     */
    -(void)sleepOfHour:(NSNumber*)hour{
        NSLog(@"sleep_person_%@",hour);
    }
    /**
     *睡觉类方法  有参数 无返回值
     */
    +(void)sleepOfHour:(NSNumber*)hour{
        NSLog(@"sleep_class_%@",hour);
    }
    
    /**
     *是否吃饱实例方法 有参数 有返回值
     */
    -(NSNumber*)eatEnough:(NSNumber*)breadCount{
        NSLog(@"breadCount_person_%@",breadCount);
        return @(1);
    }
    
    /**
     *是否吃饱类方法 有参数 有返回值
     */
    +(NSNumber*)eatEnough:(NSNumber*)breadCount{
        NSLog(@"breadCount_class_%@",breadCount);
        return @(0);
    }
    
    

    runtime方法封装:

    .h
    #parama mark - objc_msgSend(最多五个参数)
    /**
    *实例方法
    */
    +(id)msgSendToObj:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Parms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
    /**
    *类方法
    */
    +(id)msgSendToClass:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
    -----------------------------------------------------------
    .m
    #paragma mark - objc_msgSend
    
    +(id)msgSendToObj:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
        id returnValue = nil;
        NSInteger paramsCount = params.count;
        NSMutableArray *params_M = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:params];
        //
        while (params_M.count < 5) {
            [params_M addObject:@""];
        }
        params = params_M;
        //
        if (obj && selector && [obj respondsToSelector:selector] && paramsCount <= 5) {
            if (needReturn) {
                returnValue = ((id (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend) (obj, selector, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
            }else{
                ((void (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend)(obj, selector,  params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
            }
        }
        return returnValue;
    }
    
    +(id)msgSendToClass:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
        id returnValue = nil;
        NSInteger paramsCount = params.count;
        NSMutableArray *params_M = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:params];
        //
        while (params_M.count < 5) {
            [params_M addObject:@""];
        }
        params = params_M;
        //
        Method method = class_getClassMethod(YSClass, selector);
        //
        if (YSClass && selector && (int)method != 0 && paramsCount <= 5) {
            if (needReturn) {
                returnValue = ((id (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend) (YSClass, selector, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
            }else{
                ((void (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend)(YSClass, selector,  params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
            }
        }
        return returnValue;
    }
    

    在工程中调用方法如下:

    Person* person = [[Person alloc] init];
    [NSObject msgSendToObj:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
    [NSObject msgSendToClass:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
    //
    [NSObject msgSendToObj:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(10)] NeedReturn:NO];
    [NSObject msgSendToClass:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(8)] NeedReturn:NO];
    //
    id objR = [NSObject msgSendToObj:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
    id classR = [NSObject msgSendToClass:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
    NSLog(@"objR_%@ classR_%@", objR, classR);
    

    打印结果:

    RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] eat_person
    RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] eat_class
    RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] sleep_person_10
    RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] sleep_class_8
    RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] breadCount_person_100
    RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] breadCount_class_100
    RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] objR_1 classR_0
    

    有了限制参数个数的,当然也有不限制参数个数的---NSInvocation

    .h
    #pragma mark - NSInvocation (不限参数)
    /**
     *实例方法
     */
    +(id)msgSendToObj_invocation:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
    /**
     *类方法
     */
    +(id)msgSendToClass_invocation:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    .m
    #pragma mark - NSInvocation (不限参数)
    +(id)msgSendToObj_invocation:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
        id value = nil;
        if (obj && selector) {
            if ([obj respondsToSelector:selector]) {
                NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:[[obj class] instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:selector]];
                [invocation setSelector:selector];
                [invocation setTarget:obj];
                for (int i=0; i < params.count; i++) {
                    id ref = params[i];
                    [invocation setArgument:&ref atIndex:2+i];
                }
                [invocation invoke];//perform 的传参表达方式
                if(needReturn){//获得返回值
                    void *vvl = nil;
                    [invocation getReturnValue:&vvl];
                    value = (__bridge id)vvl;
                }
            }else{
    #ifdef _YSDebugLog
                NSLog(@"msgToTarget unRespondsToSelector -->>> %@ %@",obj,menthed);
    #endif
            }
        }
        return value;
    }
    +(id)msgSendToClass_invocation:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
        id value = nil;
        Method method = class_getClassMethod(YSClass, selector);
        if((int)method != 0){
            NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:[YSClass methodSignatureForSelector:selector]];
            [invocation setSelector:selector];
            [invocation setTarget:YSClass];
            for (int i=0; i < params.count; i++) {
                id ref = params[i];
                [invocation setArgument:&ref atIndex:2+i];
            }
            [invocation invoke];//perform 的传参表达方式
            if(needReturn){//获得返回值
                void *vvl = nil;
                [invocation getReturnValue:&vvl];
                value = (__bridge id)vvl;
            }
        }else{
    #ifdef _YSDebugLog
            NSLog(@"msgToClass unRespondsToSelector -->>> %@ %@",YSClass,menthed);
    #endif
        }
        return value;
    }
    

    调用方法:

    [NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
    [NSObject msgSendToClass_invocation:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
    //
    [NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(10)] NeedReturn:NO];
    [NSObject msgSendToClass_invocation:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(8)] NeedReturn:NO];
    //
    id objR_in = [NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
    id classR_in = [NSObject msgSendToClass_invocation:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
    NSLog(@"objR_in_%@ classR_in_%@", objR_in, classR_in);
    

    打印结果:

    RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] eat_person
    RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] eat_class
    RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] sleep_person_10
    RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] sleep_class_8
    RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] breadCount_person_100
    RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] breadCount_class_100
    RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] objR_in_1 classR_in_0
    

    写在最后:

    Runtime在工作中有用到,但是没有系统的整理过 这些天看到有博文整理了,就借来用用,方便以后查阅。

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