SpringBoot 与 Kotlin 完美交融

作者: 梁桂钊 | 来源:发表于2018-06-13 00:11 被阅读65次

    原文地址:梁桂钊的博客

    博客地址:http://blog.720ui.com

    欢迎转载,转载请注明作者及出处,谢谢!

    本文讲解 Spring Boot2 基础下,如何使用 Kotlin,并无缝整合与完美交融。为了让读者更加熟悉 Kotlin 的语法糖,笔者会在未来的几篇文章中,聊聊 Kotlin 的新特性及其语法糖。

    环境依赖

    修改 POM 文件,添加 spring boot 依赖。

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    

    紧接着,我们需要添加 mysql 依赖。

    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.35</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.14</version>
    </dependency>
    

    最后,添加 Kotlin 依赖。

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlin-stdlib-jdk8</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlin-reflect</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlin-stdlib</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    

    注意的是,在 Kotlin 中,data class 默认没有无参构造方法,并且 data class 默认为 final 类型,不可以被继承。注意的是,如果我们使用 Spring + Kotlin 的模式,那么使用 @autowared 就可能遇到这个问题。因此,我们可以添加 NoArg 为标注的类生成无参构造方法。使用 AllOpen 为被标注的类去掉 final,允许被继承。

    <plugin>
        <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
        <version>${kotlin.version}</version>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <id>compile</id>
                <goals> <goal>compile</goal> </goals>
            </execution>
            <execution>
                <id>test-compile</id>
                <goals> <goal>test-compile</goal> </goals>
            </execution>
        </executions>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
                <artifactId>kotlin-maven-noarg</artifactId>
                <version>${kotlin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
                <artifactId>kotlin-maven-allopen</artifactId>
                <version>${kotlin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </plugin>
    

    至此,我们 Maven 的依赖环境大致配置完毕。完整的源码,可以参见文末 GitHub 仓库。

    数据源

    方案一 使用 Spring Boot 默认配置

    使用 Spring Boot 默认配置,不需要在创建 dataSource 和 jdbcTemplate 的 Bean。

    src/main/resources/application.properties 中配置数据源信息。

    <pre>
    spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/springboot_db
    spring.datasource.username=root
    spring.datasource.password=root
    </pre>

    方案二 手动创建

    src/main/resources/config/source.properties 中配置数据源信息。

    # mysql
    source.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    source.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot_db
    source.username = root
    source.password = root
    

    这里, 创建 dataSource 和jdbcTemplate。

    @Configuration
    @EnableTransactionManagement
    @PropertySource(value = *arrayOf("classpath:config/source.properties"))
    open class BeanConfig {
    
        @Autowired
        private lateinit var env: Environment
    
        @Bean
        open fun dataSource(): DataSource {
            val dataSource = DruidDataSource()
            dataSource.driverClassName = env!!.getProperty("source.driverClassName").trim()
            dataSource.url = env.getProperty("source.url").trim()
            dataSource.username = env.getProperty("source.username").trim()
            dataSource.password = env.getProperty("source.password").trim()
            return dataSource
        }
    
        @Bean
        open fun jdbcTemplate(): JdbcTemplate {
            val jdbcTemplate = JdbcTemplate()
            jdbcTemplate.dataSource = dataSource()
            return jdbcTemplate
        }
    }
    

    脚本初始化

    先初始化需要用到的 SQL 脚本。

    CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`springboot_db` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
    
    USE `springboot_db`;
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_author`;
    
    CREATE TABLE `t_author` (
      `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户ID',
      `real_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
      `nick_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户匿名',
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    

    使用 JdbcTemplate 操作

    实体对象

    class Author {
        var id: Long? = null
        var realName: String? = null
        var nickName: String? = null
    }
    

    DAO相关

    interface AuthorDao {
        fun add(author: Author): Int
        fun update(author: Author): Int
        fun delete(id: Long): Int
        fun findAuthor(id: Long): Author?
        fun findAuthorList(): List<Author>
    }
    

    我们来定义实现类,通过 JdbcTemplate 定义的数据访问操作。

    @Repository
    open class AuthorDaoImpl : AuthorDao {
    
        @Autowired
        private lateinit var jdbcTemplate: JdbcTemplate
    
        override fun add(author: Author): Int {
            return jdbcTemplate.update("insert into t_author(real_name, nick_name) values(?, ?)",
                    author.realName, author.nickName)
        }
    
        override fun update(author: Author): Int {
            return jdbcTemplate.update("update t_author set real_name = ?, nick_name = ? where id = ?",
                    *arrayOf(author.realName, author.nickName, author.id))
        }
    
        override fun delete(id: Long): Int {
            return jdbcTemplate.update("delete from t_author where id = ?", id)
        }
    
        override fun findAuthor(id: Long): Author? {
            val list = jdbcTemplate.query<Author>("select * from t_author where id = ?",
                    arrayOf<Any>(id), BeanPropertyRowMapper(Author::class.java))
            return list?.get(0);
        }
    
        override fun findAuthorList(): List<Author> {
            return jdbcTemplate.query("select * from t_author", arrayOf(), BeanPropertyRowMapper(Author::class.java))
        }
    }
    

    Service相关

    interface AuthorService {
        fun add(author: Author): Int
        fun update(author: Author): Int
        fun delete(id: Long): Int
        fun findAuthor(id: Long): Author?
        fun findAuthorList(): List<Author>
    }
    

    我们来定义实现类,Service 层调用 Dao 层的方法,这个是典型的套路。

    @Service("authorService")
    open class AuthorServiceImpl : AuthorService {
    
        @Autowired
        private lateinit var authorDao: AuthorDao
    
        override fun update(author: Author): Int {
            return this.authorDao.update(author)
        }
    
        override fun add(author: Author): Int {
            return this.authorDao.add(author)
        }
    
        override fun delete(id: Long): Int {
            return this.authorDao.delete(id)
        }
    
        override fun findAuthor(id: Long): Author? {
            return this.authorDao.findAuthor(id)
        }
    
        override fun findAuthorList(): List<Author> {
            return this.authorDao.findAuthorList()
        }
    }
    

    Controller相关

    为了展现效果,我们先定义一组简单的 RESTful API 接口进行测试。

    @RestController
    @RequestMapping(value = "/authors")
    class AuthorController {
    
        @Autowired
        private lateinit var authorService: AuthorService
    
        /**
         * 查询用户列表
         */
        @RequestMapping(method = [RequestMethod.GET])
        fun getAuthorList(request: HttpServletRequest): Map<String, Any> {
            val authorList = this.authorService.findAuthorList()
            val param = HashMap<String, Any>()
            param["total"] = authorList.size
            param["rows"] = authorList
            return param
        }
    
        /**
         * 查询用户信息
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/{userId:\\d+}", method = [RequestMethod.GET])
        fun getAuthor(@PathVariable userId: Long, request: HttpServletRequest): Author {
            return authorService.findAuthor(userId) ?: throw RuntimeException("查询错误")
        }
    
        /**
         * 新增方法
         */
        @RequestMapping(method = [RequestMethod.POST])
        fun add(@RequestBody jsonObject: JSONObject) {
            val userId = jsonObject.getString("user_id")
            val realName = jsonObject.getString("real_name")
            val nickName = jsonObject.getString("nick_name")
    
            val author = Author()
            author.id = java.lang.Long.valueOf(userId)
            author.realName = realName
            author.nickName = nickName
            try {
                this.authorService.add(author)
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                throw RuntimeException("新增错误")
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 更新方法
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/{userId:\\d+}", method = [RequestMethod.PUT])
        fun update(@PathVariable userId: Long, @RequestBody jsonObject: JSONObject) {
            var author = this.authorService.findAuthor(userId)
            val realName = jsonObject.getString("real_name")
            val nickName = jsonObject.getString("nick_name")
            try {
                if (author != null) {
                    author.realName = realName
                    author.nickName = nickName
                    this.authorService.update(author)
                }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                throw RuntimeException("更新错误")
            }
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 删除方法
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/{userId:\\d+}", method = [RequestMethod.DELETE])
        fun delete(@PathVariable userId: Long) {
            try {
                this.authorService.delete(userId)
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                throw RuntimeException("删除错误")
            }
        }
    }
    

    最后,我们通过 SpringKotlinApplication 运行程序。

    @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = ["com.lianggzone.demo.kotlin"])
    open class SpringKotlinApplication{
        fun main(args: Array<String>) {
            SpringApplication.run(SpringKotlinApplication::class.java, *args)
        }
    }
    

    关于测试

    这里,笔者推荐 IDEA 的 Editor REST Client。IDEA 的 Editor REST Client 在 IntelliJ IDEA 2017.3 版本就开始支持,在 2018.1 版本添加了很多的特性。事实上,它是 IntelliJ IDEA 的 HTTP Client 插件。参见笔者之前的另一篇文章: 快速测试 API 接口的新技能 | 梁桂钊的博客

    ### 查询用户列表
    GET http://localhost:8080/authors
    Accept : application/json
    Content-Type : application/json;charset=UTF-8
    
    ### 查询用户信息
    GET http://localhost:8080/authors/15
    Accept : application/json
    Content-Type : application/json;charset=UTF-8
    
    ### 新增方法
    POST http://localhost:8080/authors
    Content-Type: application/json
    
    {
        "user_id": "21",
        "real_name": "梁桂钊",
        "nick_name": "梁桂钊"
    }
    
    ### 更新方法
    PUT http://localhost:8080/authors/21
    Content-Type: application/json
    
    {
        "real_name" : "lianggzone",
        "nick_name": "lianggzone"
    }
    
    
    ### 删除方法
    DELETE http://localhost:8080/authors/21
    Accept : application/json
    Content-Type : application/json;charset=UTF-8
    

    总结

    通过,上面这个简单的案例,我们发现 Spring Boot 整合 Kotlin 非常容易,并简化 Spring 应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。为了让读者更加熟悉 Kotlin 的语法糖,笔者会在未来的几篇文章中,聊聊 Kotlin 的新特性及其语法糖。

    源代码

    相关示例完整代码: spring-kotlin-samples

    (完,转载请注明作者及出处。)

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