R包代码格式化

为了开发R包，写出漂亮、规范的R代码，需要一些代码检查、格式化的工具。

1. styler

styler allows you to format .R files, packages or entire R source trees according to a style guide. The following functions can be used for styling:

style_text() to style a character vector.

style_file() to style a single .R file.

style_dir() to style all .R files in a directory.

style_pkg() to style the source files of an R package.

styler_addins (RStudio Addins) to style either selected code or the active file.
这个包还是一个Rstudio的插件（Addins），直接点击二级菜单里的 Styler选项就能对R代码格式化，包括对齐、= 变 <- 等。

2. formatR

The formatR package was designed to reformat R code to improve readability; the main workhorse is the function tidy_source(). Features include:

long lines of code and comments are reorganized into appropriately shorter ones
spaces and indent are added where necessary
comments are preserved in most cases
the number of spaces to indent the code (i.e. tab width) can be specified (default is 4)
an else statement in a separate line without the leading } will be moved one line back
= as an assignment operator can be replaced with <-
the left brace { can be moved to a new line
这是谢益辉老大的包（https://yihui.name/formatR/），竟然还用 shiny 做了个图形界面。

3. lintr

lintr is an R package offering static code analysis for R. It checks adherence to a given style, syntax errors and possible semantic issues, see the animation below. In this README find out

what linters i.e. checks are supported;

how to configure the project to e.g. tweak checks and ignore files;

how to setup lintr for on-the-fly checking in different editors;

how to use lintr in combination with continuous integration;
这个包是静态的检查，不能像上面两个包对不规范的地方进行更改，但是可以检查出更多的错误。而且此工具除了支持Rstudio，还支持多个代码编辑器，例如Emacs、Sublime Text 3、Vim、Atom，牛逼坏了。更为详细内容查看 https://github.com/jimhester/lintr

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