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(一)Mybatis环境配置

(一)Mybatis环境配置

作者: 骑着乌龟去看海 | 来源:发表于2018-01-25 22:14 被阅读19次

    概述

      Mybatis是一种半自动化的ORM(Object Relational Mapping)框架,基于JDBC的实现。首先,非常推荐大家先看一下官方使用文档(有中文选择):
    http://www.mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/index.html
      该文档包含了所有Mybatis的使用方面的配置说明,大家在使用的时候如果不懂一些配置或参数是什么意思,都可以在这里进行查询。

    Mybatis了解

    1. Mybatis使用简单的XML配置或者注解将mapper接口与要执行的sql语句进行绑定,绑定完成之后映射成最终要执行的sql语句,执行完sql语句后,为我们自动实现数据库记录与Java实体对象之间的映射。

    2. 通过打印日志我们也可以看到Mybatis打印了全是sql语句,这是因为Mybatis是完全基于JDBC,并且几乎完全消除了JDBC中对参数的手工设置及对结果集的检索。

    3. Mybatis的各种映射关系是通过SqlSession来实现的,顾名思义,就是sql的session会话,在该会话生命周期内,实现对数据库的各种操作。

    4. 在Mybatis中,我们可以编写非常灵活的sql,基于Druid或这种类似的监控管理,我们可以很方便的找到需要优化的sql,从而让sql语句完全控制在我们的手中。但正是由于Mybatis的工作方式,所以有可能会有特别多的sql语句,这偶尔也会成为开发者们头疼的问题。

    Mybatis实现详解

      了解了大概的流程之后,我们来看一下大概的配置说明,本文不会深入研究,只是讲一下Mybatis的各种配置的含义,具体与源码的结合将会在下一篇中逐渐开始讲解。

    SqlSession

    从上面可以知道,Mybatis与数据库打交道全是通过SqlSession来实现的,而SqlSession什么时候创建,又是如何创建的呢。

    1. 通过我们上篇文章中的例子,我们可以看到,没有通过Spring的情况下,使用SqlSession的大致流程如下:
    1. 读取Mybatis的全局配置文件;
    2. 通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder构建SqlSessionFactory工厂,然后通过SqlSessionFactory创建SqlSession会话;
    3. 然后通过SqlSession进行数据库的各种操作;
    4. 执行完成,关闭sqlSession;
    1. SqlSessionFactoryBuilder目的就是用于创建SqlSessionFactory,他的生命周期很短,就是在初始化的时候才有用。

    接下来,我们通过单独配置mybatis和与spring集成mybatis这两种方式来学习一下mybatis的使用。

    注:本系列Mybatis代码版本全是基于Mybatis3.4,Spring版本是4,开发工具是idea2017,druid是1.0.20,Junit是4,项目使用maven管理。

    Mybatis+Maven管理

    1. 表结构:

    -- 只有一张简单的表Student,有三个字段,id,name,age
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
    CREATE TABLE `student` (
      `id` int(10) NOT NULL,
      `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      `age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    

    2. 工程目录:

    工程目录
    3. pom.xml:只需要引入我们必需的mybatis包和mysql驱动包
    <properties>
            <mybatis.version>3.4.0</mybatis.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- mybatis 配置 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- mysql驱动 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.30</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    

    Student.java和IStudentMapper.java:

    package com.entity;
    
    /**
     * Student实体
     *
     * @author zhangwugui
     * @since 2018/1/24 17:22
     */
    public class Student {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    //IStudentMapper
    package com.mapper;
    
    import com.entity.Student;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * TODO
     *
     * @author zhangwugui
     * @since 2018/1/24 17:28
     */
    public interface IStudentMapper {
        List<Student> getAll();
    
        int save(Student article);
    
        Student update(Student article);
    
        int delete(int id);
    
        Student findStudentById(int id);
    }
    

    StudentMapper.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
    
    <mapper namespace="com.mapper.IStudentMapper">
        <select id="getAll" resultType="Student">
            SELECT * FROM Student
        </select>
    
        <insert id="save" parameterType="Student">
            INSERT INTO Student (id, name, age) VALUES (
              #{id}, #{name}, #{age}
            )
        </insert>
    
        <update id="update" parameterType="Student">
            UPDATE Student SET
              name = #{name},
              age = #{age}
            WHERE id = #{id}
        </update>
    
        <delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
            DELETE FROM Student
            WHERE id = #{id}
        </delete>
    
        <select id="findStudentById" parameterType="int" resultType="Student">
            SELECT * FROM Student
            WHERE id = #{id}
        </select>
    </mapper>
    

    mybatis-config.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    
    <configuration>
    
        <typeAliases>
            <typeAlias type="com.entity.Student" alias="Student"/>
        </typeAliases>
    
        <environments default="development">
            <environment id="development">
                <transactionManager type="JDBC" /> 
                <!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
                <dataSource type="POOLED">
                    <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
                    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_test" />
                    <property name="username" value="root" />
                    <property name="password" value="123456" />
                </dataSource>
            </environment>
        </environments>
    
        <mappers>
            <mapper resource="mapper/StudentMapper.xml"/>
        </mappers>
    
    </configuration>
    

    以下是测试类:

    import com.entity.Student;
    import com.mapper.IStudentMapper;
    import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * test
     *
     * @author zhangwugui
     * @since 2018/1/25 15:14
     */
    public class MainTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            String resource = "config/mybatis-config.xml";
            InputStream inputStream;
            SqlSession session = null;
            try {
                inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
                // 构建sqlSession工厂
                SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
                // 获取sqlSession
                session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
                // 方法1
                String statement = "com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll";
                List<Student> student = session.selectList(statement);
                System.out.println(student);
    
                // 方法2
                IStudentMapper sessionMapper = session.getMapper(IStudentMapper.class);
                List<Student> list = sessionMapper.getAll();
                System.out.println(list);
    
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }
    

    就这么简单,mybatis就配置完成了,启动main方法我们就可以进行测试了,运行一下,我们看下结果:

    [Student{id=1, name='test', age=12}]
    [Student{id=1, name='test', age=12}]
    

    我们可以看下,其实配置Mybatis是特别简单的。同样,使用Mybatis进行开发也是很简单的。

    下面我们来看mybatis结合spring的使用,并且使用Junit来进行测试,使用log4j来打印日志。

    Spring+Mybatis+Druid+Junit

    1. 表结构还是Student,我们先看下工程目录

    工程目录.png

    2. pom文件:spring的包太多,这里为了避免代码太多,没有引入,大家统一引入即可

    <dependencies>
    <!-- mybatis 配置 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql驱动包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.30</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- druid连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.20</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Mybatis end -->
    
        <!-- Others -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.14</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    

    2. Student实体类不变,而IStudentMapper只需要添加一个注解即可。

    @Repository
    public interface IStudentMapper {
        List<Student> getAll();
        ...
    }
    

    3. IStudentApi.java接口和StudentServiceImpl.java实现类

    public interface IStudentApi {
        List<Student> getAll();
    
        int save(Student article);
    
        Student update(Student article);
    
        int delete(int id);
    
        Student findStudentById(int id);
    }
    
    @Service
    public class StudentServiceImpl implements IStudentApi{
    
        @Autowired
        private IStudentMapper iStudentMapper;
    
        @Override
        public List<Student> getAll() {
            return iStudentMapper.getAll();
        }
    
        @Override
        public int save(Student student) {
            return iStudentMapper.save(student);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Student update(Student student) {
            return iStudentMapper.update(student);
        }
    
        @Override
        public int delete(int id) {
            return iStudentMapper.delete(id);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Student findStudentById(int id) {
            return iStudentMapper.findStudentById(id);
        }
    }
    

    3. StudentMapper.xml不变,mybatis-config.xml如下

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        <settings>
            <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
        </settings>
    
        <typeAliases>
            <typeAlias type="com.entity.Student" alias="Student"/>
        </typeAliases>
    </configuration>
    

    4. jdbc.properties和log4j.properties

    jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE
    jdbc.username=root
    jdbc.password=123456
    
    ### Log4j配置 ###
    #定义log4j的输出级别和输出目的地(目的地可以自定义名称,和后面的对应)
    #[ level ] , appenderName1 , appenderName2
    log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
    
    #-----------------------------------#
    #1 定义日志输出目的地为控制台
    log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
    log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
    ####可以灵活地指定日志输出格式,下面一行是指定具体的格式 ###
    #%c: 输出日志信息所属的类目,通常就是所在类的全名
    #%m: 输出代码中指定的消息,产生的日志具体信息
    #%n: 输出一个回车换行符,Windows平台为"/r/n",Unix平台为"/n"输出日志信息换行
    log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
    
    #-----------------------------------#
    #2 文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件
    log4j.appender.file = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
    #日志文件输出目录
    log4j.appender.file.File=log/tibet.log
    #定义文件最大大小
    log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
    ###输出日志信息###
    #最低级别
    log4j.appender.file.Threshold=ERROR
    log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
    
    #-----------------------------------#
    #3 druid
    log4j.logger.druid.sql=INFO
    log4j.logger.druid.sql.DataSource=info
    log4j.logger.druid.sql.Connection=info
    log4j.logger.druid.sql.Statement=info
    log4j.logger.druid.sql.ResultSet=info
    
    #4 mybatis 显示SQL语句部分
    log4j.logger.org.mybatis.example=DEBUG
    

    5. spring-context.xml和spring-db.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/*.properties"/>
    
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
            <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
            <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            <property name="initialSize" value="10"/>
            <property name="maxActive" value="50"/>
            <property name="maxWait" value="6000"/>
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="840000"/>
            <property name="connectionInitSqls" value="set names utf8mb4;"/>
            <property name="validationQueryTimeout" value="2000"/>
            <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true"/>
            <property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true"/>
            <property name="logAbandoned" value="true"/>
            <property name="proxyFilters">
                <list>
                    <ref bean="stat-filter" />
                    <ref bean="log-filter" />
                </list>
            </property>
            <property name="filters" value="wall"/>
            <property name="useGlobalDataSourceStat" value="true"/>
            <!--修改mysql的默认隔离级别-->
            <property name="defaultTransactionIsolation" value="2"/>
            <!-- 测试druid功能 end-->
        </bean>
    
        <bean id="stat-filter" class="com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter">
            <property name="slowSqlMillis" value="10000"/>
            <property name="logSlowSql" value="true"/>
            <property name="mergeSql" value="true"/>
        </bean>
        <bean id="log-filter" class="com.alibaba.druid.filter.logging.Slf4jLogFilter">
            <!--执行sql 显示-->
            <property name="statementExecutableSqlLogEnable" value="true"/>
            <property name="resultSetLogEnabled" value="false"/>
            <property name="dataSourceLogEnabled" value="false"/>
            <property name="connectionLogEnabled" value="false"/>
            <property name="statementLogEnabled" value="false"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!-- 配置sqlSessionFactory -->
        <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
            <property name="configLocation" value="mybatis/mybatis-config.xml"/>
            <property name="mapperLocations" value="mybatis/StudentMapper.xml"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!-- 配置mybatis自动扫描Mapper -->
        <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
            <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
            <property name="basePackage" value="com.mapper"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!-- 事务管理 -->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>
        <!-- 使用声明式事务-->
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />
    
    </beans>
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
    
        <context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
        <context:component-scan base-package="com"/>
        <import resource="spring-db.xml"/>
    
    </beans>
    

    6. JUnit4ClassRunner.java和MainTest.java

    package com.test;
    
    import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.util.Log4jConfigurer;
    
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    
    /**
     * TODO
     *
     * @author zhangwugui
     * @since 2018/1/24 21:06
     */
    public class JUnit4ClassRunner extends SpringJUnit4ClassRunner {
        static {
            try {
                Log4jConfigurer.initLogging("classpath:config/log4j.properties");
            } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
                System.err.println("Cannot Initialize log4j");
            }
        }
        public JUnit4ClassRunner(Class<?> clazz) throws InitializationError {
            super(clazz);
        }
    }
    
    package com.test;
    
    import com.api.IStudentApi;
    import com.entity.Student;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * 单元测试
     *
     * @author zhangwugui
     * @since 2018/1/24 18:17
     */
    @RunWith(JUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring/spring-context.xml"})
    public class MainTest  {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MainTest.class);
    
        @Autowired
        private IStudentApi iStudentApi;
    
        @Test
        public void testGetAll() {
            logger.info("查询全部:=====");
            List<Student> list = iStudentApi.getAll();
            logger.info("结果是:======" + list.toString());
        }
    }
    

    运行单元测试,查看运行结果:

    [com.test.MainTest]-查询全部:=====
    [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-Creating a new SqlSession
    [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@47406941] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
    [org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils]-Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource
    [org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction]-JDBC Connection [com.alibaba.druid.proxy.jdbc.ConnectionProxyImpl@6de6faa6] will not be managed by Spring
    [com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll]-==>  Preparing: SELECT * FROM Student 
    [com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll]-==> Parameters: 
    [com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll]-<==      Total: 1
    [com.alibaba.druid.pool.PreparedStatementPool]-{conn-10010, pstmt-20010} enter cache
    [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@47406941]
    [org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils]-Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource
    [com.test.MainTest]-结果是:======[Student{id=1, name='test', age=12}]
    [org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener]-After test method: context [DefaultTestContext@4678c730 testClass = MainTest, testInstance = com.test.MainTest@6767c1fc, testMethod = testGetAll@MainTest, testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [MergedContextConfiguration@29ee9faa testClass = MainTest, locations = '{classpath:spring/spring-context.xml}', classes = '{}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{}', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader', parent = [null]]], class dirties context [false], class mode [null], method dirties context [false].
    

      到此,我们基于Spring+Mybatis+Druid+Junit的配置正式结束了。通过这些简单的配置,我们可以大致了解spring与Mybatis的运行方式。其中,遇到了一个问题,就是Junit单元测试不打印日志的问题,该问题解决方式参考:
    Junit单元测试使用log4j输出日志

    下篇文章,我们将开始从源码的角度去分析Mybatis的流程。

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