概述
Mybatis是一种半自动化的ORM(Object Relational Mapping)框架,基于JDBC的实现。首先,非常推荐大家先看一下官方使用文档(有中文选择):
http://www.mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/index.html
该文档包含了所有Mybatis的使用方面的配置说明,大家在使用的时候如果不懂一些配置或参数是什么意思,都可以在这里进行查询。
Mybatis了解
-
Mybatis使用简单的XML配置或者注解将mapper接口与要执行的sql语句进行绑定,绑定完成之后映射成最终要执行的sql语句,执行完sql语句后,为我们自动实现数据库记录与Java实体对象之间的映射。
-
通过打印日志我们也可以看到Mybatis打印了全是sql语句,这是因为Mybatis是完全基于JDBC,并且几乎完全消除了JDBC中对参数的手工设置及对结果集的检索。
-
Mybatis的各种映射关系是通过SqlSession来实现的,顾名思义,就是sql的session会话,在该会话生命周期内,实现对数据库的各种操作。
-
在Mybatis中,我们可以编写非常灵活的sql,基于Druid或这种类似的监控管理,我们可以很方便的找到需要优化的sql,从而让sql语句完全控制在我们的手中。但正是由于Mybatis的工作方式,所以有可能会有特别多的sql语句,这偶尔也会成为开发者们头疼的问题。
Mybatis实现详解
了解了大概的流程之后,我们来看一下大概的配置说明,本文不会深入研究,只是讲一下Mybatis的各种配置的含义,具体与源码的结合将会在下一篇中逐渐开始讲解。
SqlSession
从上面可以知道,Mybatis与数据库打交道全是通过SqlSession来实现的,而SqlSession什么时候创建,又是如何创建的呢。
- 通过我们上篇文章中的例子,我们可以看到,没有通过Spring的情况下,使用SqlSession的大致流程如下:
- 读取Mybatis的全局配置文件;
- 通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder构建SqlSessionFactory工厂,然后通过SqlSessionFactory创建SqlSession会话;
- 然后通过SqlSession进行数据库的各种操作;
- 执行完成,关闭sqlSession;
- SqlSessionFactoryBuilder目的就是用于创建SqlSessionFactory,他的生命周期很短,就是在初始化的时候才有用。
接下来,我们通过单独配置mybatis和与spring集成mybatis这两种方式来学习一下mybatis的使用。
注:本系列Mybatis代码版本全是基于Mybatis3.4,Spring版本是4,开发工具是idea2017,druid是1.0.20,Junit是4,项目使用maven管理。
Mybatis+Maven管理
1. 表结构:
-- 只有一张简单的表Student,有三个字段,id,name,age
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(10) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2. 工程目录:
3. pom.xml:只需要引入我们必需的mybatis包和mysql驱动包
<properties>
<mybatis.version>3.4.0</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- mybatis 配置 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Student.java和IStudentMapper.java:
package com.entity;
/**
* Student实体
*
* @author zhangwugui
* @since 2018/1/24 17:22
*/
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
//IStudentMapper
package com.mapper;
import com.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;
/**
* TODO
*
* @author zhangwugui
* @since 2018/1/24 17:28
*/
public interface IStudentMapper {
List<Student> getAll();
int save(Student article);
Student update(Student article);
int delete(int id);
Student findStudentById(int id);
}
StudentMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.mapper.IStudentMapper">
<select id="getAll" resultType="Student">
SELECT * FROM Student
</select>
<insert id="save" parameterType="Student">
INSERT INTO Student (id, name, age) VALUES (
#{id}, #{name}, #{age}
)
</insert>
<update id="update" parameterType="Student">
UPDATE Student SET
name = #{name},
age = #{age}
WHERE id = #{id}
</update>
<delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
DELETE FROM Student
WHERE id = #{id}
</delete>
<select id="findStudentById" parameterType="int" resultType="Student">
SELECT * FROM Student
WHERE id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.entity.Student" alias="Student"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_test" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="123456" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/StudentMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
以下是测试类:
import com.entity.Student;
import com.mapper.IStudentMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
/**
* test
*
* @author zhangwugui
* @since 2018/1/25 15:14
*/
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String resource = "config/mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream;
SqlSession session = null;
try {
inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
// 构建sqlSession工厂
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
// 获取sqlSession
session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 方法1
String statement = "com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll";
List<Student> student = session.selectList(statement);
System.out.println(student);
// 方法2
IStudentMapper sessionMapper = session.getMapper(IStudentMapper.class);
List<Student> list = sessionMapper.getAll();
System.out.println(list);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
就这么简单,mybatis就配置完成了,启动main方法我们就可以进行测试了,运行一下,我们看下结果:
[Student{id=1, name='test', age=12}]
[Student{id=1, name='test', age=12}]
我们可以看下,其实配置Mybatis是特别简单的。同样,使用Mybatis进行开发也是很简单的。
下面我们来看mybatis结合spring的使用,并且使用Junit来进行测试,使用log4j来打印日志。
Spring+Mybatis+Druid+Junit
1. 表结构还是Student,我们先看下工程目录
2. pom文件:spring的包太多,这里为了避免代码太多,没有引入,大家统一引入即可
<dependencies>
<!-- mybatis 配置 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql驱动包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
<!-- druid连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.20</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis end -->
<!-- Others -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.14</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2. Student实体类不变,而IStudentMapper只需要添加一个注解即可。
@Repository
public interface IStudentMapper {
List<Student> getAll();
...
}
3. IStudentApi.java接口和StudentServiceImpl.java实现类
public interface IStudentApi {
List<Student> getAll();
int save(Student article);
Student update(Student article);
int delete(int id);
Student findStudentById(int id);
}
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements IStudentApi{
@Autowired
private IStudentMapper iStudentMapper;
@Override
public List<Student> getAll() {
return iStudentMapper.getAll();
}
@Override
public int save(Student student) {
return iStudentMapper.save(student);
}
@Override
public Student update(Student student) {
return iStudentMapper.update(student);
}
@Override
public int delete(int id) {
return iStudentMapper.delete(id);
}
@Override
public Student findStudentById(int id) {
return iStudentMapper.findStudentById(id);
}
}
3. StudentMapper.xml不变,mybatis-config.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.entity.Student" alias="Student"/>
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
4. jdbc.properties和log4j.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
### Log4j配置 ###
#定义log4j的输出级别和输出目的地(目的地可以自定义名称,和后面的对应)
#[ level ] , appenderName1 , appenderName2
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
#-----------------------------------#
#1 定义日志输出目的地为控制台
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
####可以灵活地指定日志输出格式,下面一行是指定具体的格式 ###
#%c: 输出日志信息所属的类目,通常就是所在类的全名
#%m: 输出代码中指定的消息,产生的日志具体信息
#%n: 输出一个回车换行符,Windows平台为"/r/n",Unix平台为"/n"输出日志信息换行
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
#-----------------------------------#
#2 文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件
log4j.appender.file = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
#日志文件输出目录
log4j.appender.file.File=log/tibet.log
#定义文件最大大小
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
###输出日志信息###
#最低级别
log4j.appender.file.Threshold=ERROR
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
#-----------------------------------#
#3 druid
log4j.logger.druid.sql=INFO
log4j.logger.druid.sql.DataSource=info
log4j.logger.druid.sql.Connection=info
log4j.logger.druid.sql.Statement=info
log4j.logger.druid.sql.ResultSet=info
#4 mybatis 显示SQL语句部分
log4j.logger.org.mybatis.example=DEBUG
5. spring-context.xml和spring-db.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/*.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<property name="initialSize" value="10"/>
<property name="maxActive" value="50"/>
<property name="maxWait" value="6000"/>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="840000"/>
<property name="connectionInitSqls" value="set names utf8mb4;"/>
<property name="validationQueryTimeout" value="2000"/>
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true"/>
<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true"/>
<property name="logAbandoned" value="true"/>
<property name="proxyFilters">
<list>
<ref bean="stat-filter" />
<ref bean="log-filter" />
</list>
</property>
<property name="filters" value="wall"/>
<property name="useGlobalDataSourceStat" value="true"/>
<!--修改mysql的默认隔离级别-->
<property name="defaultTransactionIsolation" value="2"/>
<!-- 测试druid功能 end-->
</bean>
<bean id="stat-filter" class="com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter">
<property name="slowSqlMillis" value="10000"/>
<property name="logSlowSql" value="true"/>
<property name="mergeSql" value="true"/>
</bean>
<bean id="log-filter" class="com.alibaba.druid.filter.logging.Slf4jLogFilter">
<!--执行sql 显示-->
<property name="statementExecutableSqlLogEnable" value="true"/>
<property name="resultSetLogEnabled" value="false"/>
<property name="dataSourceLogEnabled" value="false"/>
<property name="connectionLogEnabled" value="false"/>
<property name="statementLogEnabled" value="false"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置sqlSessionFactory -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="mybatis/mybatis-config.xml"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="mybatis/StudentMapper.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置mybatis自动扫描Mapper -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<property name="basePackage" value="com.mapper"/>
</bean>
<!-- 事务管理 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 使用声明式事务-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />
</beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
<context:component-scan base-package="com"/>
<import resource="spring-db.xml"/>
</beans>
6. JUnit4ClassRunner.java和MainTest.java
package com.test;
import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.util.Log4jConfigurer;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
/**
* TODO
*
* @author zhangwugui
* @since 2018/1/24 21:06
*/
public class JUnit4ClassRunner extends SpringJUnit4ClassRunner {
static {
try {
Log4jConfigurer.initLogging("classpath:config/log4j.properties");
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
System.err.println("Cannot Initialize log4j");
}
}
public JUnit4ClassRunner(Class<?> clazz) throws InitializationError {
super(clazz);
}
}
package com.test;
import com.api.IStudentApi;
import com.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 单元测试
*
* @author zhangwugui
* @since 2018/1/24 18:17
*/
@RunWith(JUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring/spring-context.xml"})
public class MainTest {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MainTest.class);
@Autowired
private IStudentApi iStudentApi;
@Test
public void testGetAll() {
logger.info("查询全部:=====");
List<Student> list = iStudentApi.getAll();
logger.info("结果是:======" + list.toString());
}
}
运行单元测试,查看运行结果:
[com.test.MainTest]-查询全部:=====
[org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-Creating a new SqlSession
[org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@47406941] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
[org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils]-Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource
[org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction]-JDBC Connection [com.alibaba.druid.proxy.jdbc.ConnectionProxyImpl@6de6faa6] will not be managed by Spring
[com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll]-==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM Student
[com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll]-==> Parameters:
[com.mapper.IStudentMapper.getAll]-<== Total: 1
[com.alibaba.druid.pool.PreparedStatementPool]-{conn-10010, pstmt-20010} enter cache
[org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@47406941]
[org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils]-Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource
[com.test.MainTest]-结果是:======[Student{id=1, name='test', age=12}]
[org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener]-After test method: context [DefaultTestContext@4678c730 testClass = MainTest, testInstance = com.test.MainTest@6767c1fc, testMethod = testGetAll@MainTest, testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [MergedContextConfiguration@29ee9faa testClass = MainTest, locations = '{classpath:spring/spring-context.xml}', classes = '{}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{}', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader', parent = [null]]], class dirties context [false], class mode [null], method dirties context [false].
到此,我们基于Spring+Mybatis+Druid+Junit的配置正式结束了。通过这些简单的配置,我们可以大致了解spring与Mybatis的运行方式。其中,遇到了一个问题,就是Junit单元测试不打印日志的问题,该问题解决方式参考:
Junit单元测试使用log4j输出日志
下篇文章,我们将开始从源码的角度去分析Mybatis的流程。
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