母语重活

最近在思考如何更高效的提高英语能力，在网上偶然间看到一个词“母语重活”，它指明了我的行动路线。

“母语重活”是指像使用这门语言的学生一样，去学习各种学科。这个词语背后的理念是把语言当作工具，不要为了学而学。就拿英语为例，欧美国家的人是如何掌握英语的呢？他们从儿童时期，就开始使用英语来学习各种知识。因此，用才是最高效率的学习。

我想大部分的英语学习者，主要是通过背单词和看美剧的方式来学习，之前的我也是其中之一。

现在我按照“母语重活”的理念，在手机中安装Khan Academy,找到其中最需要的一门学科。

按照听，然后写，最后复述的方式来学习，不仅锻炼了英语能力，更掌握了相关的知识。

下面就是我所学习的部分内容。

You may be superised that there is such a thing, as a color scientist, but at Pixar, color plays a role in almost every artistic decision that we make.

你可能会奇怪怎么会有色彩科学家这样的职业。但是，在Pixar，色彩在几乎所有的艺术决定中都是要考虑的因素。

While this lesson will focus on the science of color.

接下来，这门课将聚焦于色彩科学。

There's obviously the whole world of color that artisits think about.

很显然，对于艺术家来说，整个事件充满了各种各样的色彩。

Here we are, in the color mastering suite. The equipement that we use is basiclly a supercomputer verison of Photoshop.

现在，你所看到的的是Pixar的色彩调试装备，它基本上是Photoshop的超级电脑版。

But it kinda looks a little bit like the Star Trek Enterprise.

不过，它看起来有点像《星际迷航》中的企业号飞船。

My goal in this lesson is to show you that color is really part physics and part human perception.

我的目标是通过这门课，说明色彩其实是物理的一部分，也是人类的感知的一部分。

and at the end of this lesson, you'll have a chance to manipulate color using scenes from our films to achieve various artistic goals.

在这门课的最后，你将有机会使用我们电影中的场景来操作色彩，达到多样的艺术表现。

But first, we need to understand how the tool in this room work.

首先，我们需要知道这台设备是如何工作的。

So let's go back to a simple question: What is color?

所以，让我们回到一个简单的问题上：什么是色彩？

Color is a property of light, and light comes from light sources.

色彩是光的特性，光来自于光源。

And there are all different kinds of light sources.

在周围，有各种各样的光源。

For example, I'm currently being lit by these lamps.

比如，我现在被这些灯照着。

Without these, our scene would look very different.

没有这些灯，情况将完全不同。

And using a flame as our light source, like these two candles really changes the feel of the scene.

还有，使用火焰，比如这两个蜡烛，也会改变画面带给我们的感觉。

The light is not only dimmer, but it emits a reddish-orange light.

现在的灯光不仅微弱，而且发出了橘红的光。

Seeing this light on a white piece of paper is a great way to show this.

使用一张白纸来观察烛光，是一个很棒的方式。

Try pausing this video and hold your own white piece of paper up to the screen beside mine.

现在，请暂停视频，然后拿一张白纸放在屏幕上方，我的白纸的旁边。

Notice the difference between my white paper and yours.

注意观察你我白纸的区别。

They are not the same, right?

他们不一样，对吧?

Now compare how the same piece of paper look under the most powerful light source in the solar system, the sun.

现在，我们来对比下同样的白纸在太阳照射下的情况。太阳在太阳系中光源最强。

The sun gives off really intensive light, especially the middle of the day.

太阳发射出非常强烈的光，尤其在中午时分。

You can clearly see that the light on this paper is much whiter than the candle light.

你可以看到这张纸上的光比烛光发白很多。

Inside the light was more reddish.

在里面的烛光更红。

So where did the red light go?

所以，这红色的光是哪里来？

Let's go back inside, so I can show you what happened.

让我们回到室内，我来告诉你发生了什么。

The key is to think of all light as a mixture of colors.

这里的关键是要将光看做是各种色彩的混合。

Sir Isaac Newton famously demonstrated this when he used a glass prism to break up sunlight.

著名的牛顿爵士发现了这一点，他使用一块棱镜来分散光。

When sunlight passes in and out of the prism ,it bends, or refracts and splits up into a spectrum colors.

当太阳光穿过棱镜后，太阳光发生弯曲或者折射，然后分散成一系列的色彩。

After Newton, other scientists discovered that the light's wavelength is what determines how much it will be refracted and what color it will be.

在牛顿之后，其他的科学家发现是光的波长决定了它将发生多大的折射以及它的颜色。

Bluer light has a shorter wavelength and bends more, redder light with longer wavelength bends less.

偏蓝的光有更短的波长，在棱镜中弯曲更多；而偏红的光波长更长，弯曲更少。

And this is the key point.

这是关键。

Sunlight looks white, because it contains all visible colors.

太阳光看起来白色，因为它包含了所有可见光。

Scientists have developed a 2-D graph to easilly visualize the colors contained in any given light source.

科学家发明了一种2-D图，可以很容易的显示出任何光源所包含的色彩。

In this graph, along the X-axis is the wavelength, and along the Y-axis is the intensity of that wavelength.

在这张图中，X轴表示光的波长，Y轴表示对应的强度。

For example, here is the graph of what daylight looks like.

比如，这张图显示了太阳光看起来是怎么样的。

This is known as the spectrum of daylight.

这是太阳光的光谱图。

A graph like this is called a spectral power distribution.

这样的图，我们把它称为光谱能量分布图。

And here is the spectral power distribution of candle light.

这张图是烛光的能量分布图。

Notice it doesn't contain the same intensity of blue and green wavelengths.

在这张图中，蓝光和绿光的强度和太阳光完全不同。

If we shine candlelight through a prism, we can't see a full rainbow.

如果我们将烛光通过棱镜，我们得到不是一个完整的彩虹。

The reds are strong, but the blue wavelengths are much weaker.

其中，红光很强，但是蓝光非常弱。

In this first exercise, you'll have a chance to explore the spetrum of various light sources and answer some questions about them.

在第一次的练习中，你将有机会观察各种光源的图谱，并且回答一些问题。

For example, what do you think the spectrum of a laser would look like?

比如，你认为激光的图谱将会是怎样的？