最新CocoaPods安装以及使用

• 目录
• 介绍
• 日期版本
• 安装
• 使用
• Podfile
• 卸载
• 安装和使用时候遇到的问题

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CocoaPods是比较出名的类库管理工具
开源：https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods

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当前日期：2018.05.03
笔者系统版本：

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安装

1. 安装Ruby环境
   mac自带Ruby，可以升级一下
   $ sudo gem update --system

192:~ fengfeng$ $sudo gem update --system
Updating installed gems
Nothing to update
192:~ fengfeng$ 

2. 请尽可能用比较新的RubyGems版本，建议2.6.x以上，需翻墙
   $ gem update --system
$ gem -v

192:~ fengfeng$ sudo gem update --system
Updating rubygems-update
Fetching: rubygems-update-2.6.13.gem (100%)
Successfully installed rubygems-update-2.6.13
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.13
Installing ri documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.13
Installing darkfish documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.13
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 34 seconds
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-2.6.13
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 0 seconds
Installing RubyGems 2.6.13
RubyGems 2.6.13 installed
Parsing documentation for rubygems-2.6.13
Installing ri documentation for rubygems-2.6.13

=== 2.6.13 / 2017-08-27

Security fixes:

* Fix a DNS request hijacking vulnerability.
  Fix by Samuel Giddins.
* Fix an ANSI escape sequence vulnerability.
  Fix by Evan Phoenix.
* Fix a DOS vulernerability in the `query` command.
  Fix by Samuel Giddins.
* Fix a vulnerability in the gem installer that allowed
  a malicious gem to overwrite arbitrary files.
  Fix by Samuel Giddins.

=== ...

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RubyGems installed the following executables:
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/bin/gem

Ruby Interactive (ri) documentation was installed. ri is kind of like man 
pages for ruby libraries. You may access it like this:
  ri Classname
  ri Classname.class_method
  ri Classname#instance_method
If you do not wish to install this documentation in the future, use the
--no-document flag, or set it as the default in your ~/.gemrc file. See
'gem help env' for details.

RubyGems system software updated
192:~ fengfeng$ 

192:~ fengfeng$ gem -v
2.6.13
192:~ fengfeng$ 

3. 更换镜像
   安装时需要访问 cocoapods.org，需要翻墙
   淘宝RubyGems镜像 https://ruby.taobao.org/ 目前已经不再维护，使用 https://gems.ruby-china.org/
   执行
   $ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.org/ --remove https://rubygems.org/
   或使用下面两命令
   $ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
$ gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.org/

2019.02.13
因为ruby的软件源 https://gems.ruby-china.org/ 无效了
需要更新一下ruby的源为 https://gems.ruby-china.com/

查看$ gem sources -l

192:~ fengfeng$ gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
# 确保只有 https://gems.ruby-china.org/
https://gems.ruby-china.org/

4. 安装CocoaPods
macOS 10.11前：$ sudo gem install cocoapods
macOS 10.11后：$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

192:~ fengfeng$ sudo gem install cocoapods
Password:
Fetching: concurrent-ruby-1.0.5.gem (100%)
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.0.5
Fetching: i18n-0.9.5.gem (100%)
Successfully installed i18n-0.9.5
Fetching: thread_safe-0.3.6.gem (100%)
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6
Fetching: tzinfo-1.2.5.gem (100%)
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.5
Fetching: activesupport-4.2.10.gem (100%)
Successfully installed activesupport-4.2.10
Fetching: nap-1.1.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed nap-1.1.0
Fetching: fuzzy_match-2.0.4.gem (100%)
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.
192:~ fengfeng$ pod -version
-bash: /usr/local/bin/pod: /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
192:~ fengfeng$ 

出错的情况可以执行

192:~ fengfeng$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Successfully installed fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Fetching: cocoapods-core-1.5.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-core-1.5.0
Fetching: claide-1.0.2.gem (100%)
Successfully installed claide-1.0.2
...
Done installing documentation for fuzzy_match, cocoapods-core, claide, cocoapods-deintegrate, cocoapods-downloader, cocoapods-plugins, cocoapods-search, cocoapods-stats, netrc, cocoapods-trunk, cocoapods-try, molinillo, atomos, CFPropertyList, colored2, nanaimo, xcodeproj, escape, fourflusher, gh_inspector, ruby-macho, cocoapods after 9 seconds
22 gems installed
192:~ fengfeng$

成功后查看版本

192:~ fengfeng$ pod --version
1.5.0
192:~ fengfeng$ 

5. pod setup
   成功安装后，执行pod setup
   所有的项目的podspec文件都托管在https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs
   第一次执行pod setup时，CocoaPods会将这些podspec索引文件更新到本地~/.cocoapods/目录下，这个索引文件比较大
   所以......超慢......

192:~ fengfeng$ pod setup
Setting up CocoaPods master repo
  $ /usr/bin/git -C /Users/fengfeng/.cocoapods/repos/master fetch origin --progress
  remote: Counting objects: 1296676, done.        
  remote: Compressing objects: 100% (319/319), done.        
  Receiving objects:   2% (37212/1296676), 7.40 MiB | 13.00 KiB/s     

查看文件大小$ du -sh *
在未完全下载的时候执行

192:~ fengfeng$ pod repo

0 repos
192:~ fengfeng$ 

一晚上，断断续续的还没好，现在都青年节了🤣🤣🤣
最后我是使用git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git master
--depth用于指定克隆深度，=1即表示只克隆最近一次commit
参考问题2
目前最新的大概50+M，断断续续的好久，才执行完毕
然后

192:repos fengfeng$ pod repo

master
- Type: git (master)
- URL:  https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
- Path: /Users/fengfeng/.cocoapods/repos/master

1 repo
192:repos

6. 下载完毕后，重新执行pod setup，又是漫长的等待...
   但是这一步不执行即可

192:master fengfeng$ pod setup
Setting up CocoaPods master repo
Performing a deep fetch of the `master` specs repo to improve future performance

7. 完毕

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使用

1. cd到项目根目录
2. 创建Podfile文件，$ touch Podfile，也可$ pod init（建议）
3. 可以先$ pod search ***，找到想要的版本，记着红色标记里面的，需要写在Podfile中

4. $ vim Podfile，除了vim，也可以使用其他，vim语法暂不表述

使用 pod init 创建的，对应添加即可

touch 的全部需自己写

5. $ pod install

192:runtime fengfeng$ pod install
Analyzing dependencies
Downloading dependencies
Installing AFNetworking (3.2.0)
Installing SDWebImage (3.8.2)
Generating Pods project
Integrating client project

# 看这句
[!] Please close any current Xcode sessions and use `runtime.xcworkspace` for this project from now on. 
Sending stats
Pod installation complete! There are 2 dependencies from the Podfile and 2 total pods installed.
192:runtime fengfeng$ 

未执行前

执行后

$ pod install后会有👇这句提示：
Please close any current Xcode sessions and use `runtime.xcworkspace` for this project from now on.
以后打开项目，必须使用，*****.xcworkspace，不可使用，*****.xcodeproj

6. 有时下载的一些开源项目的时候，会发现是使用pod来管理的，并且会有Podfile文件存在，此时只需要cd ***到下载好的项目根路径，然后执行pod install即可

基本使用如此~

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Podfile

1. https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podfile.html#podfile
2. 项目根路径，初始的时候是没有Podfile这个文件的，需要手动创建（$ touch Podfile）或者使用$ pod init
   建议使用$ pod init，会帮你创建好基本格式

使用 pod init 创建的，对应添加即可

3. Podfile.lock用来记录着上一次下载的版本，如下图
   $ vim Podfile.lock

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卸载

1. 安装路径$ which pod

192:~ fengfeng$ which pod
/usr/local/bin/pod
192:~ fengfeng$ 

2. $ sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/pod，回车，输入密码
3. $ gem list
   移除RubyGems中的Cocoapods程序包，RubyGems（简称gems）是一个用于对Ruby组件进行打包的Ruby打包系统。 它提供一个分发Ruby程序和库的标准格式，还提供一个管理程序包安装的工具
   查看gems中本地程序包

192:~ fengfeng$ gem list

*** LOCAL GEMS ***

...
cocoapods (1.5.0)
cocoapods-core (1.5.0)
cocoapods-deintegrate (1.0.2)
cocoapods-downloader (1.2.0)
cocoapods-plugins (1.0.0)
cocoapods-search (1.0.0)
cocoapods-stats (1.0.0)
cocoapods-trunk (1.3.0)
cocoapods-try (1.1.0)
...
192:~ fengfeng$ 

4. 依次删除上面对应的包和版本
   $ sudo gem uninstall cocoapods -v 1.5.0
$ sudo gem uninstall cocoapods-core -v 1.5.0
   ...
5. 可以执行，$ pod search ...来验证是否成功删除
6. 完成

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安装和使用时候遇到的问题

1. pod setup超慢，一脸懵逼,google到的结果
   方法2不行，缺少.git文件
   实际解决方法，为问题2，虽然还是很慢，但毕竟目前才50+M
   有正确解决的办法，还请指点~

• 方法1：如果同事mac上已经装好了，从同事电脑上copy一份到~/.cocoapods/repos/即可
• 方法2：从https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs (github所有的第三方开源库的podspec文件都托管在这里，这也是你pod setup所要下载的)，dodwnload或者什么方式下载到本地，然后解压，将解压后的文件移动到~/.cocoapods/repos(这个路径是在执行pod setup生成的，如果没有此路径，先pod setup下，然后取消control l即可)，然后重命名为master即可

192:runtime fengfeng$ pod setup
Setting up CocoaPods master repo
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
[!] The `master` repo is not a git repo.
192:runtime fengfeng$ 

2. 报错：RPC failed; curl 18 transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
   由于pod setup超慢，所以想直接下载最近的一次提交，结果报错
   git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git master
--depth用于指定克隆深度，=1即表示只克隆最近一次commit

192:repos fengfeng$ git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git master
Cloning into 'master'...
remote: Counting objects: 518394, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (330152/330152), done.
error: RPC failed; curl 18 transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
fatal: early EOF
fatal: index-pack failed
192:repos fengfeng$

因为，curl的postBuffer默认值太小的原因，重新在终端配置下即可
git config --global http.postBuffer 1048576000 （1GB）（也可以把--global去掉）
查看git config --list
但是，使用这种方法，如果在更新三方的时候使用$ pod update会卡在Updating local specs repositories，需要使$ pod install

192:runtime fengfeng$ pod update
Update all pods
Updating local specs repositories
Performing a deep fetch of the `master` specs repo to improve future performance

3. 执行$ pod install会停在Analyzing dependencies
   执行$ pod update会停在Updating local specs repositories
   这是因为这两个命令会升级CocoaPods的spec仓库
   可使用👇命令：
   $ pod install --verbose --no-repo-update
$ pod update --verbose --no-repo-update

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不定期更新 不合适的地方 还请指点~ 感激不尽