1、开发环境

• 操作系统：Ubuntu18
• 开发工具：IDEA+PyCharm插件
• Python版本：3.6

2、用到的模块

• requests：用于发送请求
• xlrd：操作Excel，组织测试用例
• smtplib，email：发送测试报告
• logging：日志追踪
• json：数据格式化
• Django：接口开发
• configparser：读取配置文件

3、框架设计

3.1、流程

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1557558868451" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

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接口用例是通过Excel来组织的，定义了URL，Request Body等列。执行流程如下：

• 使用xlrd工具读取Excel中的信息，拼接成一个个完整的请求。
• 接口请求类拿到一个个完整的请求的去执行，这个过程需要记录日志，每一次执行情况都要有迹可循。
• 回填测试结果，发送邮件，归档每次的运行结果。更好一点的做法是把历史运行情况做个报表，更直观。

优点：

• 用例通过Excel来组织，不需要编写代码，上手难度小。
• 在用例个数不是很多的情况，开发速度快。

缺点：

• 用例依赖是痛点。
• 只能支持接口自动化用例。
• Excel中用例无法预先检查正确性，只有跑一把才能知道。
• 无法很好地管理大量用例，且不支持团队协同作业，个人用来回归测试或上线后的冒烟测试会是一个不错的选择。

通过优缺点的对比，可以明显发现这个框架的硬伤其实很多了。所以无论是业界开源的自动化测试框架或企业自研的还没有见过用Excel来组织用例的。值得一提的是个别企业自研的自动化框架非常难用，抑或是把一堆工具简单组合到一起。根本无法提高团队的生产力。不过好的产品也不是一蹴而就的，需要一个持续优化的过程。所以上面用Excel组织用例的框架还是值的玩一玩的，暂且命名为apitest吧。目前比较好的自动化测试框架有unittest，testng，pytest等。

3.2、项目结构

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1557558868457" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

• testcase：存放测试用例或请求的json文件。
• config：配置文件。
• report：测试报告和日志文件及其归档。
• untils：工具集，send_request用来发送请求，email_tool用来发送邮件，excel_tool用来读取Excel中的数据，check_result用来校验结果，run_main用例执行入口，log_trace用来追踪日志。

5、日志打印

采用内置logging模块才记录运行日志，设置日志级别。

log_trace.log:

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import logging
filename = "../report/test_case_run.log"
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s1 %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
filename=filename,
filemode='w')
</pre>

6、接口请求类封装

安装第三方模块requests

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">pip install requests
</pre>

定义函数send_request，根据传入的方法类型分别去调用request的get，post，delete，put等方法去发送请求。send_request.py:

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import requests
from untils. log_trace import *

发送get请求

def get_request(url,data=None,headers=None):
res = requests.get(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)
return res

发送post请求

def post_request(url,data,headers=None):
res = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)
return res

发送delete请求

def del_request(url,data=None,headers=None):
res = requests.delete(url,data=data)
return res

发送put请求

def put_request(url,data,headers=None):
pass
def send_request(method,url,data=None,headers=None):
try:
logging.info(headers)
if headers:
if method == "GET":
return get_request(url,data,headers=headers)
if method == "POST":
return post_request(url,data=data,headers=headers)
if method == "DELETE":
return del_request(url,data=data,headers=headers)
#put使用频率低，暂时不写
if method == "PUT":
return put_request(url,data=data,headers=headers)
else:
logging.info("Header is null")
except Exception as e:
logging.info("send request fail:%s"%e)
</pre>

在untils_test.py中编写代码测试send_request方法，代码如下：

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#coding:utf-8
from untils.send_request import send_request
def test_send_request():
url="http://127.0.0.1:9000/articles/"
headers = {
"X-Token":"0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e"
}
res = send_request("GET",url,headers=headers)
print(res.json())
if name == "main":
test_send_request()
</pre>

运行结果：

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">/usr/bin/python3.6 /home/stephen/IdeaProjects/apitest/untils/untils_test.py
{'status': 'BS.200', 'all_titles': {'amy1': 'alive', 'modifytest': 'alive', 'addTest': 'alive'}, 'msg': 'query articles sucess.'}
Process finished with exit code 0
</pre>