synchronized和Lock锁的区别:
由于synchronized是在JVM层面实现的,因此系统可以监控锁的释放与否;而ReentrantLock是使用代码实现的,系统无法自动释放锁,需要在代码中的finally子句中显式释放锁lock.unlock()。在并发量比较小的情况下,使用synchronized是个不错的选择;但是在并发量比较高的情况下,其性能下降会很严重,此时ReentrantLock是个不错的方案。
在使用synchronized 代码块时,可以与wait()、notify()、nitifyAll()一起使用,从而进一步实现线程的通信
其中,wait()方法会释放占有的对象锁,当前线程进入等待池,释放cpu,而其他正在等待的线程即可抢占此锁,获得锁的线程即可运行程序;
线程的sleep()方法则表示,当前线程会休眠一段时间,休眠期间,会暂时释放cpu,但并不释放对象锁,也就是说,在休眠期间,其他线程依然无法进入被同步保护的代码内部,当前线程休眠结束时,会重新获得cpu执行权,从而执行被同步保护的代码。
wait()和sleep()最大的不同在于wait()会释放对象锁,而sleep()不会释放对象锁。
notify()方法会唤醒因为调用对象的wait()而处于等待状态的线程,从而使得该线程有机会获取对象锁。调用notify()后,当前线程并不会立即释放锁,而是继续执行当前代码,直到synchronized中的代码全部执行完毕,才会释放对象锁。JVM会在等待的线程中调度一个线程去获得对象锁,执行代码。
notifyAll()是唤醒所有等待的线程。
三种方式
1,同步代码块
public class ThreadSynchronizedSecurity {
static int tickets = 10;
class SellTickets implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
// 同步代码块
while(tickets > 0) {
synchronized (this) {
if (tickets <= 0) {
return;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->售出第: "+tickets+" 票");
tickets--;
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (tickets <= 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->售票结束!");
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SellTickets sell = new ThreadSynchronizedSecurity().new SellTickets();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(sell, "1号窗口");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(sell, "2号窗口");
Thread thread3 = new Thread(sell, "3号窗口");
Thread thread4 = new Thread(sell, "4号窗口");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
thread4.start();
}
}
2,同步方法
package com.bpan.spring.beans.thread;
public class ThreadSynchroniazedMethodSecurity {
static int tickets = 10;
class SellTickets implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//同步方法
while (tickets > 0) {
synMethod();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (tickets<=0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->售票结束");
}
}
}
synchronized void synMethod() {
synchronized (this) {
if (tickets <=0) {
return;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---->售出第 "+tickets+" 票 ");
tickets-- ;
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SellTickets sell = new ThreadSynchroniazedMethodSecurity().new SellTickets();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(sell, "1号窗口");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(sell, "2号窗口");
Thread thread3 = new Thread(sell, "3号窗口");
Thread thread4 = new Thread(sell, "4号窗口");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
thread4.start();
}
}
3,Lock锁机制
package com.bpan.spring.beans.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class ThreadLockSecurity {
static int tickets = 10;
class SellTickets implements Runnable{
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
// Lock锁机制
while(tickets > 0) {
try {
lock.lock();
if (tickets <= 0) {
return;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->售出第: "+tickets+" 票");
tickets--;
} catch (Exception e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
if (tickets <= 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->售票结束!");
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SellTickets sell = new ThreadLockSecurity().new SellTickets();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(sell, "1号窗口");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(sell, "2号窗口");
Thread thread3 = new Thread(sell, "3号窗口");
Thread thread4 = new Thread(sell, "4号窗口");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
thread4.start();
}
}
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